Both kingdoms, which had enjoyed peaceful relations until 1685, became bitter enemies and fought each other in a series of wars, called the "Second Hundred Years' War" by some historians, from 1689 onward. Place names and geographic features were commonly taken as surnames in Utrecht (e.g., van Doorn, van Schaik, van Vliet, and van den Brink). [French, from Old French huguenot, member of a Swiss political movement, alteration (influenced by Bezanson Hugues (c. Among the Huguenots who left were a group of families from northern France, located near Calais, and what is now southern Belgium. ser., 64 (April 2007): 377394. [74] Upon their arrival in New Amsterdam, Huguenots were offered land directly across from Manhattan on Long Island for a permanent settlement and chose the harbour at the end of Newtown Creek, becoming the first Europeans to live in Brooklyn, then known as Boschwick, in the neighbourhood now known as Bushwick. ", Roy A. Sundstrom, "French Huguenots and the Civil List, 1696-1727: A Study of Alien Assimilation in England. But many took the risk . "The Secret War of Elizabeth I: England and the Huguenots during the early Wars of Religion, 1562-77. When in 1808 a law signed by Napoleon forced all French Jews to take hereditary surnames, local Jews retained the family names they used for many centuries such as Crmieu (x), Milhaud, Monteux . The Huguenot cemetery, or the "Huguenot Burial Ground", has since been recognised as a historic cemetery that is the final resting place for a wide range of the Huguenot founders, early settlers and prominent citizens dating back more than three centuries. The collection includes family histories, a library, and a picture archive. Geneva was John Calvin's adopted home and the centre of the Calvinist movement. Previous to the erection of it, the strong men would often walk twenty-three miles on Saturday evening, the distance by the road from New Rochelle to New York, to attend the Sunday service. The last Afrikaner President was named F. W. de Klerk, his surname being a form of Le Clerc. [citation needed], In the early 21st century, there were approximately one million Protestants in France, representing some 2% of its population. The Huguenots transformed themselves into a definitive political movement thereafter. A couple of ships with around 500 people arrived at the Guanabara Bay, present-day Rio de Janeiro, and settled on a small island. A number of French Huguenots settled in Wales, in the upper Rhymney valley of the current Caerphilly County Borough. Bette Davis (1908-1989), American actress, descended from the Huguenot Favor family on her mother's side. Although relatively large portions of the peasant population became Reformed there, the people, altogether, still remained majority Catholic.[16][19]. Updated on January 12, 2018. [81] In colonial New York city they switched from French to English or Dutch by 1730.[82]. A series of three small civil wars known as the Huguenot rebellions broke out, mainly in southwestern France, between 1621 and 1629 in which the Reformed areas revolted against royal authority. A small wooden church was first erected in the community, followed by a second church that was built of stone. Some fled as refugees to the Dutch Cape Colony, the Dutch East Indies, various Caribbean colonies, and several of the Dutch and English colonies in North America. The museum is situated on the second floor of the tourist information centre, and entry cost us 4.50 each fora ticket that is valid for a year. The Huguenot Society of America has headquarters in New York City and has a broad national membership. The early immigrants settled in Franschhoek ("French Corner") . [66], A diaspora of French Australians still considers itself Huguenot, even after centuries of exile. They did not promote French-language schools or publications and "lost" their historic identity. some French members of the largely German, Four-term Republican United States Representative. By 1700 one fifth of the city's population was French-speaking. The implication that the style of lace known as 'Bucks Point' demonstrates a Huguenot influence, being a "combination of Mechlin patterns on Lille ground",[102] is fallacious: what is now known as Mechlin lace did not develop until the first half of the eighteenth century and lace with Mechlin patterns and Lille ground did not appear until the end of the 18th century, when it was widely copied throughout Europe. During this time, their opponents first dubbed the Protestants Huguenots; but they called themselves reforms, or "Reformed". Horsley, Hartley Bridge, Gloucestershire, England; Popular names: Hanks Gt. Jeter French (Huguenot), German Jeter is a French and German surname. If you would like any more information, please email admin@huguenotmuseum.org or call on 01634 789 347. Escalating, he instituted dragonnades, which included the occupation and looting of Huguenot homes by military troops, in an effort to forcibly convert them. [citation needed] Some of these immigrants moved to Norwich, which had accommodated an earlier settlement of Walloon weavers. They purchased from John Pell, Lord of Pelham Manor, a tract of land consisting of six thousand one hundred acres with the help of Jacob Leisler. [107][108][109][110][111] Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange in the Williamite War in Ireland, for which they were rewarded with land grants and titles, many settling in Dublin. [16], Among the nobles, Calvinism peaked on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. 1491-1532? In Berlin the Huguenots created two new neighbourhoods: Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt. Persecution diminished the number of Huguenots who remained in France. gt. The Edict simultaneously protected Catholic interests by discouraging the founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions. While a small amount of Huguenots did come, the majority switched from speaking French to English. The Prinsenhof is one of the 14 active Walloon churches of the Dutch Reformed Church (now of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands). It was an attempt to establish a French colony in South America. The country had a long history of struggles with the papacy (see the Avignon Papacy, for example) by the time the Protestant Reformation finally arrived. Nearly 50,000 Huguenots established themselves in Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in Brandenburg-Prussia, where Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia (r.16491688), granted them special privileges (Edict of Potsdam of 1685) and churches in which to worship (such as the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angermnde and the French Cathedral, Berlin). Examples include: Blignaut, Cilliers, Cronje (Cronier), de Klerk (Le Clercq), de Villiers, du Plessis, Du Preez (Des Pres), du Randt (Durand), du Toit, Duvenhage (Du Vinage), Franck, Fouch, Fourie (Fleurit), Gervais, Giliomee (Guilliaume), Gous/Gouws (Gauch), Hugo, Jordaan (Jourdan), Joubert, Kriek, Labuschagne (la Buscagne), le Roux, Lombard, Malan, Malherbe, Marais, Maree, Minnaar (Mesnard), Nel (Nell), Naud, Nortj (Nortier), Pienaar (Pinard), Retief (Retif), Roux, Rossouw (Rousseau), Taljaard (Taillard), TerBlanche, Theron, Viljoen (Vilion) and Visagie (Visage). Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, invited Huguenots to settle in his realms, and a number of their descendants rose to positions of prominence in Prussia. Huguenot descendants sometimes display this symbol as a sign of reconnaissance (recognition) between them. In the early 1700s, the Palatines , refugees from modern-day Germany, also came here. He was regarded by the Gallicians as a noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Frenchtown in New Jersey bears the mark of early settlers.[22]. After centuries, most Huguenots have assimilated into the various societies and cultures where they settled. Their names were Bevier, Hasbrouck, DuBois, Deyo, LeFever, and others. The wars ended with the Edict of Nantes of 1598, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy. They ultimately decided to switch to German in protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleon in 180607. It is the last name of former New York Yankees baseball player, Derek Jeter. German: northern variant of Grob.North German: habitational name from any of several places called Grove or Groven in . By 1707 400 refugee Huguenot families had settled in Scotland. [32], Although usually Huguenots are lumped into one group, there were actually two types of Huguenots that emerged. Today, there are some Reformed communities around the world that still retain their Huguenot identity. Is an Index of family names appearing in "Huguenot Trails", the official publication of the Huguenot Society of Canada, from 1968 to 2003. It moved to Rochester in 1959, and now provides sheltered homes for fifty-five residents. English, French, Walloon, Dutch, German, Polish, Czech, and Slovak: from a personal name composed of the ancient Germanic . The Huguenots were French Protestants most of whom eventually came to follow the teachings of John Calvin, and who, due to religious persecution, were forced to flee France to other countries in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The Huguenots responded by establishing independent political and military structures, establishing diplomatic contacts with foreign powers, and openly revolting against central power. The first Huguenots arrived as early as 1671, when the first Huguenot refugee, Francois Villion (later Viljoen), arrived at the Cape. The French added to the existing immigrant population, then comprising about a third of the population of the city. Huguenots were Nobles, Doctors, Lawyers, Historians, Intellectuals, Craftsman and Artisans and loyal to the Crown. The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain, as many of them had occupied important places in society. A royal citadel was built and the university and consulate were taken over by the Catholic party. [11][12] By 1911, there was still no consensus in the United States on this interpretation. In Geneva, Hugues, though Catholic, was a leader of the "Confederate Party", so called because it favoured independence from the Duke of Savoy. The wars gradually took on a dynastic character, developing into an extended feud between the Houses of Bourbon and Guise, both of whichin addition to holding rival religious viewsstaked a claim to the French throne. [77] Their descendants in many families continued to use French first names and surnames for their children well into the nineteenth century. Page 166. These surnames are most common in South Africa due to the immigration of the French Huguenots to the Cape of Good Hope in the 17th century. This group of Huguenots from southern France had frequent issues with the strict Calvinist tenets that are outlined in many of John Calvin's letters to the synods of the Languedoc. At first he sent missionaries, backed by a fund to financially reward converts to Roman Catholicism. In 1565 the Spanish decided to enforce their claim to La Florida, and sent Pedro Menndez de Avils, who established the settlement of St. Augustine near Fort Caroline. [112] Significant Huguenot settlements were in Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal. Local church records and histories are very helpful in that regard. Mine started well with 2 Huguenot children, Peter and Mary Petit, arriving from France all alone. Of the refugees who arrived on the Kent coast, many gravitated towards Canterbury, then the county's Calvinist hub. The French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550. Their fourth child, Isaac Jr., was born in 1681, after the family moved to New . The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France. New Rochelle, located in the county of Westchester on the north shore of Long Island Sound, seemed to be the great location of the Huguenots in New York. Page 363. They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who gradually increased persecution of Protestantism until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685). "Huguenot Trails" publications are available in the periodicals section of the Quebec Family History Society in Pointe-Claire, Quebec. See our Huguenot Surname Cross Surname and Variations -- Christian Name Ag / Agee / Oage -- Matthieu Allaire -- Alexandre Alle / Alley / Alie / Alyer / d'Ailly -- Nicolas Rhetoric like this became fiercer as events unfolded, and eventually stirred up a reaction in the Catholic establishment. Most French Huguenots were either unable or unwilling to emigrate to avoid forced conversion to Roman Catholicism. A-B Adrian Agombar Ammonet Andr Annereau Appel Arabin Arbou/Harbou Arbouin Archinal Ardouin Armand Arnaud Asselin Auvache Avard Azire Bailhache Ballou Balmer/Balmier Baly Barben Barberie Bardin Barnier Barraud Barrett (Barr) Bartels Bartier/Bertier Bastet Baud Bdard Beehag (Behague) Beharell . ), Swiss political leader) of dialectal eyguenot, from German dialectal Eidgenosse, confederate, from Middle High German eitgenz : eit . Use the search box to find a specific Family Name, Year, Location or Occupation. But the light of the Gospel has made them vanish, and teaches us that these spirits were street-strollers and ruffians. Overall, Huguenot presence was heavily concentrated in the western and southern portions of the French kingdom, as nobles there secured practise of the new faith. ", Kurt Gingrich, "'That Will Make Carolina Powerful and Flourishing': Scots and Huguenots in Carolina in the 1680s. . The Prime Minister of South Africa from 1958-1966 was born in the Netherlands. The WikiTree Huguenot Migration Project defines "Huguenot" to include any French-speaking Protestants (whatever branch or denomination) that left (emigrated from) their homeland (France or borderlands such as Provence, Navarre or the Spanish-Netherlands - today's Belgium) due to religious persecution or intolerance. The persecution and the flight of the Huguenots greatly damaged the reputation of Louis XIV abroad, particularly in England. Huguenot Trails. [76] Gradually they intermarried with their English neighbours. 1609 Group of Flemish Huguenots settled in Canongate, Scotland. [87] London financed the emigration of many to England and its colonies around 1700. The Huguenot population of France dropped to 856,000 by the mid-1660s, of which a plurality lived in rural areas. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan burgomaster Bezanson Hugues (14911532? German who had married an American girl, the daughter of a man from Avignon and a woman of Franche Comt6. [citation needed], Following the accidental death of Henry II in 1559, his son succeeded as King Francis II along with his wife, the Queen Consort, also known as Mary, Queen of Scots. (It has been adapted as a restaurantsee illustration above. The Count supported mercantilism and welcomed technically skilled immigrants into his lands, regardless of their religion.