She entrenched herself in the midcentury local radical community, protestingeverything from school segregation to Congolese leader Patrice Lumumbas 1961 political assassination. A close advisor to Martin Luther King and one of the most influential and effective organizers of the civil rights movement, Bayard Rustin was affectionately referred to as "Mr. March-on-Washington" by A. Philip Randolph (D'Emilio, 347). Former NAACP Branch Secretary Rosa Parks' refusal to yield her seat to a white man sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the modern civil rights movement. This list touches on just some of the incredible Black men and women who have taken a stand for civil rights and social justice throughout history. From 1969 to 1998 he served as a Judge, first in Municipal Court, then in Superior Court. He played a key role in the civil rights mobilizations of the 1960s. Seattles politics of fair employment entered a new phase when African American construction workers and activists began to protest racially exclusionary hiring practices in Seattles construction unions in the fall of 1969. After joining the Black Panther Party in 1969, Leon Hobbs used his military experience to train Seattle Chapter members in weapons and tactics. Now! This familiar chant from the civil rights movement reflected the desires of Seattle parents of school age children in 1966. Lonnie joined the Party in 1951 and has been active ever since in civil rights and Indian rights struggles, Central District organizing, the Coalition for the Defense of the Rights of the Black Panther Party, the Coalition of Labor Union Women, and Mothers for Police Accountability. On July 4, 1963, he was arrested with 283 other activists for trying to integrate an amusement park. Robert David Butler. Mayor of Seattle from 1969 to 1977, Uhlman presided over one of the most turbulent and significant eras in Seattle's history. Today's civil rights leaders have picked up the mantle once held by Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, Roy Wilkins, and Dorothy Height. On Sunday, the 59 th anniversary of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, these leaders . Michael Ryan, spirited Catholic priest and community builder: From behind the pulpit of St. James, Seattles oldest Catholic church, Ryan challenges the status quo by prioritizing the person over the law. surveilled, repressed, and jailed Black women activists. Phyllis Campbell, community leader and volunteer extraordinaire: The former CEO of The Seattle Foundation doubled the organizations charitable assets to $600 million. Lonnie joined the Party in 1951 and has been active ever since in civil rights and Indian rights struggles, Central District organizing, the Coalition for the Defense of the Rights of the Black Panther Party, the Coalition of Labor Union Women, and Mothers for Police Accountability. These all-Black sororities and fraternities played a role in pivotal social movements. Black Longshoreman: The Frank Jenkins Story by Megan Elston. . Since Brown, Goldstein & Levy's inception in 1982, we have focused our attention, talent, and experience on championing the civil and human rights of people no matter their race, gender, national origin, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or gender identity. Williams and Mallory held them at gunpoint. Pierre Gentin is the General Counsel of McKinsey & Company. This page provides links to some of the primary civil rights laws and enforcement agencies. Alvin Whitaker is an electrician who helped integrate Seattles building trades in the 1970s as an activist in the United Construction Workers Association. The Christian Friends for Racial Equality, 1942-70 by Johanna Phillips. In 1974, Janet Lewis became one of the first females admitted to the IBEW Local 46 apprenticeship program. He served as Field Marshall and coordinator of the breakfast program for the chapter. Electrical Workers Minority Caucus: A History by Nicole Grant. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was founded in April 1960 by young people dedicated to nonviolent, direct action tactics. Raised in Seattle, Mike Cook joined the Black Panther Party in the late 1960s and co-founded its chapter in Walla Walla state penitentiary. This page is a gateway to the Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project resources for exploring the civil rights activism of women in the Pacific Northwest. She has since served as Co-Chair of the U.S. Women and Cuba Collaboration, and has served as Board President of the Center for Social Justice. Home Washington Civil Rights Association 2022-03-17T19:37:08-07:00 Welcome to the Washington Civil Rights Association. Her organizing network quickly grew beyond New York City. Confrontations reached a fever pitch on August 27, when the small group of activists arrived at the courthouse that afternoon. Teen Vogue covers the latest in celebrity news, politics, fashion, beauty, wellness, lifestyle, and entertainment. He served as Dean of the UW Law School and In 1988 became the first African American to serve on the Washington State Supreme Court. THE WASHINGTON FOREIGN PRESS CENTER, WASHINGTON, D.C. (Virtual) MODERATOR: Good morning and welcome to the Washington Foreign Press Center briefing Advancing Racial Equity: Icons of Voting Rights. R.Y. No issue was more important to the newspaper than education. Started in 1942 by Seattle women of different faiths and races, Christian Friends for Racial Equality (CFRE) pioneered interracial and interreligious cooperation that laid the groundwork for Seattles more activist movement in the 1960s.to break down social and cultural barriers to interracial cooperation. The Reverend Samuel McKinney, civil rights stalwart: Pastor emeritus at Seattles historic Mount Zion Baptist Church, and founding member of the Seattle Civil Rights Commission and the Central Area Civil Rights Committee, McKinney also helped bring Martin Luther King Jr. to Seattle. AARP. I help leaders and organizations make . Thanks, Bernie Sanders", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_civil_rights_leaders&oldid=1141526465, English-American activist, author, theorist, wrote, also known as Mum Bett first former slave to win a, British philosopher, writer, and teacher on civil rights, inspiration, women's rights pioneer, writer, beheaded during French Revolution, captured from West Africa, he became a member of the, representative from Pennsylvania, anti-slavery leader, originator of the, feminist essayist and lecturer active 18231876; first American women's rights lecturer, abolitionist, writer, organizer, feminist, initiator, abolitionist, writer, anarchist, proponent of, Senator from Massachusetts, anti-slavery leader, African-American abolitionist and humanitarian, writer, organizer, and the pioneer of the modern. Williams escaped to Cuba, while Mallory went to Cleveland by way of New York. They would become the first female linemen, sub-station constructors, cable splicers, the first unionized female utility electricians in Seattle and the first in the nation. Association for African American Historical Research and Preservation. When they reached a safe house in New York, they learned that, because they had run, the federal government branded them as fugitives. The March 1968 BSU confrontation at Franklin High was a pivotal moment for Seattle Civil Rights movements. Youngest of the Dixon brothers, Michael was a 15-year-old sophomore at Garfield High School when he joined the BP. The Mexican American Civil Rights movement (Chicano Movement) developed in Washington following the movement started in the Southwest by Cesar Chaves and Dolores Huerta. The annual celebration began in the United States in 1976. The CP was one of the first left groups to take up the issue of racism and oppression. Valuable collections of photographs, documents, and oral histories. March 27, 2017. They hoped to unite established civil rights organizations with new community and student activists in a broad coalition. Organized labor in Seattle was very active and was seen by many people as even radical, with the Seattle General Strike of 1919 being given for evidence. Ad Choices, Bella Ramsey Wore a Corseted Jumpsuit at Paris Fashion Week, Bella Hadid Just Took the Exposed G-String Trend to the Extreme, I Dressed Like Hailey Bieber for a Week to Find the Best Plus-Size Alternatives, This Radical Reporter Dedicated Her Life to Fighting the System, "I idolized women like Marvel Cooke," Angela Davis tells, The Divine Nine Helped Shape Civil Rights History. Federal Way, WA Civil Rights Attorney. But countless women found ways to terminate pregnancies and some died doing so. Civil Rights. As a member of IBEW Local 46, he helped create the Electrical Workers Minority Caucus, serving as its first president. Estela Ortega, executive director of El Centro de la Raza: Cofounder of this advocacy organization (with her late husband, Roberto Maestas), which is also a social services hub for the Latino community, offering education and skill-building programs, human and emergency services, affordable housing and more. Seattle has a unique civil rights history that challenges the way we think about race, civil rights, and the Pacific Northwest. Mike Murray was 16 years old and a student at Garfield High School when he joined the Black Panther Party in 1968. The Big Six Martin Luther King Jr., James Farmer, John Lewis, A. Philip Randolph, Roy Wilkins and Whitney Young were the leaders of six prominent civil rights organizations who were instrumental in the organization of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963, at the height of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States. Illustration by Kathryn Rathke. Todd Hawkins is a plumber who took a leading role in the United Construction Workers Associations struggle to desegregate the Seattle building trades unions and organize anti-discrimination organizing in Oakland, Denver, and the Southwest. Woolworth's Lunch Counter. By Ashley D. Farmer. This incidentkicked off a nationwide manhunt for the activists, who had fled the state to avoid the Ku Klux Klan and police. Born in Florida, Charles Smith moved to Seattle in 1955 to attend law school at UW. Most Americans are familiar with the civil rights leaders of the 1950s and 1960s, specifically Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King, and their compatriots. On March 7, 1965, he led one of the most famous marches in American history.In the vanguard of 600 people demanding the voting rights they had been denied, Mr. Lewis marched partway across the . Eight days later, after deliberating for only 30 minutes, the all-white jury found her guilty and sentenced her to 16 to 20 years in prison. Freedom Riders. He served as Dean of the UW Law School and In 1988 became the first African American to serve on the Washington State Supreme Court. Standing Bear was born sometime between 1829 and 1834 in the Ponca . Raised in Georgia, she moved to Seattle in 1943. Some 200,000 Americans took part in the March on Washington in 1963 to. In 1964 she co-founded the Survival of American Indians Association. In August 1961, he and his wife, Mabel, agreed to help the Freedom Riders, a group of young, interracial activists who challenged segregation in southern cities and on interstate buses. 1940) was the first Black woman to head Washington state's department of Department of Licensing [in 1977] and first president of Seattle's Women's Commission . We wanted to take a moment , Idaho Republican Senator James Risch introduced the ATF Transparency Act on Thursday [], The FBI National Instant background Check System (NICS) numbers so February of [], In 2018, when he was a State Representative, now Senator Jason Brodeur [], Copyright 2021 Washington Civil Rights Association | All Rights Reserved, Debunking the Justification for the 2023 Assault Weapons Ban, Another Year, Another Assault Weapons Ban, New Bill Seeks Automatic Transfer of NFA Items After 90 Days, NICS Numbers for February 2023, Fourth Highest for Gun Sales, Republican Senator Models Floridas Gun & Freedom of Speech Laws on Cuba, Washington ruling party abandons constituents; Careful strategy going forward, Washington Civil Rights Association Condemns Mag Ban. She recounted how her case was emblematic of the violation of Black peoples human rights and the inability of America to live up to its democratic ideals. It helped solidify the reputation of the BSU and launch the Black Panther Party. The youngest of the Domingo siblings, Lynn joined the KDP while in high school in the 1970s, organized Asian American students at UW, joined ILWU local 37 and organized Alaska cannery workers. This page is a gateway to the Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project resources for exploring the civil rights activism of women in the Pacific Northwest. An electrician and long time activist, Fred Simmons was raised in St. Louis. Susie Revels Cayton: "The Part She Played" by Michelle L. Goshorn. On the morning of August 28, 1963, roughly 250,000 people arrived in Washington D.C. to join the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, a massive demonstration in support of civil rights for Black Americans. He later helped organize the Oriental Student Union at Seattle Central Community College. Thirty-five years after they won that apology and survivors of prison camps received . The Civil Rights Act of 1964 sought to legally prohibit and punish these injustices. Civil rights protest march on Franklin Street by Jim Wallace, 1964, via National Museum of African American History and Culture, Washington DC. Mark Gail/The Washington Post via Getty Images. A marcher holds a poster of Jimmie Lee Jackson, a civil rights activist who was beaten and shot by Alabama State troopers in 1965, during the 50th anniversary commemoration of the Selma to . Zion Baptist Church for 40 years. In the late 1960s, the Mexican-American civil rights movement flourished throughout the United States, in 1967 making its presence known in Washington's Yakima Valley. Honored many times for her community engagement and board activities, Campbell is currently chair of the Pacific Northwest banking domain of JPMorgan Chase. women's rights and human rights activist both in the United States and in the, Women's Voting Rights Movement leader, strategist, and organizer, political activist, publisher, journalist, worked with Mohandas Gandhi in South Africa and led his movements there when he was absent, labor activist, Christian reformer, author. Mallory was one of the Black women organizers the FBI tried toremove from the public eye. Ed Murray, Seattle mayor: As a state legislator, he successfully led the push for marriage equality in Washington state and is the city's first openly gay mayor. Co-founder of Seattle's CORE chapter in 1961, Joan Singler helped organize campaigns against employment discrimination in grocery stories and downtown department stores, against housing discrimination, and against police harassment of African Americans. In a crushing defeat for civil rights, Seattle voters overwhelming rejected a 1964 ballot measure that would have made it illegal to discriminate on the basis of race in the sale or rental of housing. During the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, the CP made important strides in the areas of union desegregation, public education about racial injustices, and legal support for civil rights activities. However, as Arsenault documented, tensions between the activists and a growing mob of white counterprotesters escalated as the week progressed. Cecile Hansen, Duwamish tribal leader: This descendant of Chief Sealth (for whom Seattle was named) and founder of the Duwamish Tribal Services has waged a decades-long, ongoing battle seeking federal recognition for the tribe. As she later wrote in herMemo From a Monroe Jail, Mallory was hoping local authorities wouldnt recognize her from thewanted poster FBI director J. Edgar Hoover had issued to police stations and post officesaround the country. They work to protect individuals and groups from political repression and discrimination by governments and private organizations, and seek to ensure the ability of all members of society to participate in the civil and political life of the state. President John F. Kennedy had introduced the bill before his assassination. Bridging the gap between early 20th-century leaders like W.E.B. Walter Hubbards civil rights leadership grew out of his involvement with the Catholic Church. Cannabis Alison Holcomb , brainy lawyer, "pot mama" and I-502 architect : This criminal justice revolutionary faces controversial issues head on with a history-making flair. Seattle Black Panther Party History and Memory Project, The Black Student Union at UW: Black Power on Campus, CORE and the Central Area Civil Rights Campaigns 1960-1968, Racial Restrictive Covenants: Enforcing Neighborhood Segregation in Seattle by Catherine Silva. }, SCLC activist and organizer, a voting rights movement leader, trade unionist, SNCC activist, women's movement organizer, and founder of the Midwest Academy, pro-hemp activist, organizer, speaker, initiator, LGBT rights activist, gay rights pioneer, founder of, activist, chemist, minister, author, leader of, NAACP youth leader and Black Panther activist, organizer, speaker, Civil Rights activist SCLC, Chaplain, Major US Army, Jesuit Priest, Human Rights Activist, Organizer, Journalist, and Speaker, advocate for the rights of Native Americans, lesbians, and women, hunger striker for better conditions for Irish prisoners in British prisons, politician, former political prisoner, democracy and human rights activist, human and women's rights activist, active in improving conditions for the local population, gender and sexuality rights activist, campaigner against child sexual abuse and for animal rights, human rights activist, founder and coordinator of, This page was last edited on 25 February 2023, at 14:17. Black Heritage Society of Washington State. When the administration refused, the BSU launched some of the most militant demonstrations of the era. Battle at Boeing: African Americans and the Campaign for Jobs, 1939-1942 by Sarah Davenport. On Sunday, the 59th anniversary of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, these leaders . On February 19, 1934, a group of Communists involved in the League of Struggle for Negro Rights decided that discrimination toward African Americans and Filipinos in Seattle must come to an end. Today's civil rights leaders are addressing the . Bellingham, WA Civil Rights Attorney. He participated in the 1960 Nashville sit-ins, the Freedom Rides, was the chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) from 1963 to . The method of direct action they used was the freedom patrol., Electrical Workers Minority Caucus: A History by Nicole Grant. Equal Rights on the Ballot: The 1972-73 Campaign for Washington State's ERA by Hope Morris. In the process, they became pioneers in shaping the early national politics of affirmative action. She helped organize campaigns against employment discrimination in grocery stories and downtown department stores, against housing discrimination, and against police harassment of African Americans. An all-hands push by some of the nation's top civil rights leaders Tuesday failed to move Sen. Joe Manchin III's opposition to a major Democratic voting rights bill, leaving advocates with few . WASHINGTON, D.C. - Days after declaring a State of Emergency for democracy in the United States, the nation's top civil rights leaders met with President Biden at the White House today to urge the administration to embolden voting rights, improve economic opportunities, and advance civil rights. Historically the construction trades have been a bastion of white, male unionism. Led by electrician Tyree Scott, workers used direct action to challenge institutional barriers to African American employment in Seattle. The "Big Six" includes labor organizer Asa Philip Randolph; . My name is Jen McAndrew and I am today's moderator. The NAACP's long battle against de jure segregation culminated in the Supreme Court's landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision, which overturned the "separate but equal" doctrine. This phase of civil rights activism did not start in 1963. Her fight gives us insight into how surveillance and government repression functioned in the past and can help us understand how to identify and mobilize against its newest manifestations today. Convinced that the Klan would kill them, Mallory, Williams, and his familyfled Monroe. At 26, his immediate goal was leveraging young Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her seat on a local bus into a national movement. Informacin Acerca de Reclamos Bajo el Acuerdo Con Greyhound Lines, Inc. Informacin Acerca de Reclamos Bajo El Acuerdo Con Motel 6, COVID-19 Tenancy Proclamation 21-09 Question Form, Formulario Para Preguntas Sobre La Proclamacin 21-09 Tocante al Arrendamiento Durante COVID-19. Her support of these Black nationalist ideals made her an FBI target. Active also in the BSU at Garfield, he then attended UW and helped cement the relationship between the Panthers and the BSU. She published letters detailing daily life and conditions in jail. Directed by Quintard Taylor, author of The Forging of a Black Community: A History of Seattles Central District, 1870 through the Civil Rights Era and other books and articles relevant to Seattles history, Blackpast.org is a critical resource for regional and national African American history. In 1973, she became a member of Radical Women and the Freedom Socialist Party, and she has been active for more than 30 years in struggles for race, gender, and economic justice at the utility. Integration. Charles Johnson has a long record of leadership in the NAACP: he was President of the NAACP's Seattle Chapter from 1959 to 1964, of its Northwest Area Conference until the early 1970s, and served on the National NAACP's Executive Board from 1968 to 1995. The daughter of farm workers, Yolanda Alaniz was active in MEChA, the Brown Berets, the Freedom Socialist Party and Radical Women, in addition to writing for the UW _Daily_ on Chicana issues. Confrontations reached a fever pitch on August 27, when the small group of activists arrived at the courthouse that afternoon. former slave, a journalist, poet and an autodidact lawyer who defended enslaved people and was among the earlier proponents of the abolitionist and republican movements in the 19th Century Brazil. The civil rights movement was a struggle for social justice that took place mainly during the 1950s and 1960s for Black Americans to gain equal rights under the law in the United States. She helped pioneer American Indian Studies at Seattle Community College and then co-founded Seattle's American Indian Heritage High School. Du Bois. Seattles Hall of Fame: Activism/Social Justice, Civic Discourse and Community Leaders, Civil Rights and Cannabis, New auditorium, better BMX track and a greener Seattle, Book Excerpt: Marmots May Be Running Out of Time, Seattle Artifacts: The Mystery of Chief Seattles Death Mask. Currently she organizes janitors with SEIU Local 6 and is a board member of STITCH. The Franklin High School Sit-in, March 29, 1968 by Tikia Gilbert. She wasborn in 1927to a poor family, but had a rich community that cultivated her sense of self-pride during Jim Crow. 25 FBI agents swooped in and arrested her onOctober 12, 1961. Mae Mallorys story reminds us that there were many women beyond Angela Davis who were caught in J. Edgar Hoovers crosshairs. TALLAHASSEE, Fla. The Rev. Civil rights activist, and part of the only married couple to be, teacher of nonviolence, pioneer activist, founded and led the, Aboriginal Australian civil rights activist, journalist, founder of first Aboriginal newspaper, led the, civil rights activist, first African-American lieutenant in the US, First member of Congress to introduce legislation prohibiting, activist and advocate for African-American women, NAACP official, activist, Montgomery bus boycott inspiration, Black Canadian civil rights activist and businesswoman, civil rights attorney, first woman appointee to United States, voting rights activist, a local leader in the, writer, women's rights activist, feminist, clergyman, activist, SCLC co-founder, initiated the, sit-in movement leader in Oklahoma, activist, essayist, novelist, public speaker, SNCC activist, student civil rights leader, SNCC and SCLC activist, free speech advocate, comedian, political satirist, NAACP official in the Mississippi Movement, civil rights activist, SCLC organizer and strategist, Chicano activist, organizer, trade unionist, American minister and activist, SCLC's teacher of nonviolence in civil rights movement, writer, Holocaust survivor, Jewish rights leader, SCLC co-founder/president/chairman, activist, author, speaker, leader for Japanese-American civil rights and redress after World War II, activist and organizer with NAACP, CORE, and, SCLC official, activist, organizer, and leader, labor and civil rights activist, initiator, organizer, politician, gay rights activist, and leader for the LGBT community, anti-apartheid organizer, advocate, first black archbishop of, free speech advocate, civil rights activist, comedian, teacher, theater director, poet, singer-songwriter and Communist[2] political activist, civil rights activitst, founder of the Committee For Freedom Now, independent student leader and selfstarting Mississippi activist, leader, activist, and organizer in '60s Mississippi Movement, legislator, educator, civil rights advocate, multi-instrumentalist, musician, composer, pioneer of the Afrobeat music genre, human rights activist, and political maverick, SNCC and SCLC activist and official, strategist, organizer, pro-hemp activist, speaker, organizer, author, SNCC activist, a leading speaker in the civil rights movement, SCLC and SNCC activist, organizer, and leader, Bangladeshi social entrepreneur, banker, economist and civil society leader who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for founding the Grameen Bank and pioneering the concepts of microcredit and microfinance. A group of civil rights organizations will host another March on Washington in August to demand that Congress pass sweeping voting rights legislation and that state lawmakers halt efforts to enact . Herman Lanier was a sheet metal worker in the early 1970s and an active member in the United Construction Workers Association. The son of former Panther and former pro-football player, Malcolm Williams, Shamseddin Williams spent part of his childhood with the Seattle Black Panther Party. FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Shin Inouye, [email protected] WASHINGTON, D.C. - Days after declaring a State of Emergency for democracy in the United States, the nation's top civil rights leaders met with President Biden at the White House today to urge the administration to embolden voting rights . Members of theMonroe Defense Committee andWorkers World Party in Cleveland helped her post bail and fight extradition back to North Carolina to stand trial. He was the first Chair of the Central Area Civil Rights Committee and co-founded the Central Area Motivation Program (CAMP). Thanks to supporters donations, Mallory was free for five months before a local judge revokedher bond in March 1962. A native of Skagit County, she worked in the fields when she was young, then built a successful career as a bank officer. That year, for two days, K-12 students poured out of Seattle s public schools and attended freedom schools to protest racial segregation in the Seattle school system. One of the first women members of IBEW local 46, Beverly Sims is the widow of UCWA founder Tyree Scott. The civil-rights leader was soon having second thoughts. For his exhibition, Feiler drove more than 25,000 miles, photographed 105 schools, and interviewed former students, teachers, preservationists, and community leaders from each participating state. Battle at Boeing: African Americans and the Campaign for Jobs, 1939-1942 by Sarah Miner. Raised in Seattle, Rebecca Saldana is an activist and labor organizer. Active in African American civil rights efforts, he also became a member of the Japanese American Citizens League. Nick Hanauer, entrepreneur and advancer of civic change: True Patriot Network founder with fingers in many civic piesfrom education to gun responsibility to income inequality. Active in both the feminist and labor movements in the 1970s, she worked in the women's health clinc movement and worked toward breaking down barriers to women workers in building and construction trades. Du Bois [] Others,such as James Baldwin, raised awareness about her case because they recognized that an all-white jury would likely sentence her to life in prison, or even worse, that justice would be served via a whitelynch mob. U.S. Attorney's Office for the Western District of Washington. While he is a beloved figure today, many people forget that he was considered one of the most hated men in America . The Early History of the UW Black Student Union by Marc Robinson. Civil rights activist, leader, and the first martyr of the Civil Rights Movement: Willa Brown: 1906 1992 United States: civil rights activist, first African-American lieutenant in the US Civil Air Patrol, first African-American woman to run for Congress: Walter P. Reuther: 1907 1970 United States: labor leader and civil rights activist T.R.M . A Boeing worker from 1943-1845, Belle Alexander was one of the first African Americans to work at Boeing Aircraft. In her oral history interview, she discusses what it was like to be a woman on the shop floor of Boeing in the 1940s and her experiences as a working woman in the 1950s.