He was also the chairman of the supervisory board of a commercial bank, the Liittopankki-Unionsbanken, and after its merger with the Bank of Helsinki, the chairman of the supervisory board of that bank until 1934, and was a member of the board of Nokia Corporation. On matriculating as a student at the age of 20, in 1887, As an officer of the Chevalier Guards in 1892, Anastasia Mannerheim, his wife from 1892 to 1919, Colonel of the 52nd Nezhin Dragoon Regiment, 1904, At the Russian Consulate in Kashgar, 1906, Viceroy Shengyun and Mannerheim in Lanzhou, 1908, Commander of 13th Vladimir Uhlan Regiment, 1909–1910, Catharina "Kitty" Linder [fi] and Mannerheim on hunting tour in Norway, 1918, Regent Mannerheim at his official residence in 1919, Out of public office, at Runni, Finland in 1920, Henrik Ramsay, Mannerheim and Harry Rönngren onboard S/S Ariadne, 1934, With his friend, countess Gertrud Wallenberg, cousin of Raoul Wallenberg, at Nice in 1950. Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim was one of the most important figures in Finland’s history. [28] He didn't start learning Finnish properly until after Finland's independence. A surprise birthday visit by Hitler occurred on the day as he wished to visit the "brave Finns (die tapferen Finnen)" and their leader Mannerheim. Warner, Oliver. These included, among others, the then British Prime Minister Winston Churchill; at the 2017 conference in London, war historian Terry Charman said it was difficult for Churchill to declare war on Finland at Stalin's demand due to his previous uncomplicated co-operation with Mannerheim, which led Churchill and Mannerheim exchanged polite and apologetic correspondence about the prevailing circumstance, yet with deep respect for each other. Finnish troops took part in the Siege of Leningrad, which lasted 872 days. Before the Continuation War, the Germans offered Mannerheim command over 80,000 German troops in Finland. I… Further Reading on Baron Carl Gustav Emil Von Mannerheim. [25] Mannerheim served in the Imperial Chevalier Guard until 1904. Mannerheimin isoisä Carl Gustaf oli kansainvälisesti tunnettu hyönteistutkija ja Viipurin hovioikeuden presidentti 1839–1854. Ny rahalahiny sy/na ny rahavaviny dia Carl Mannerheim. [83], In the course of his lifetime, Mannerheim received 82 military and civilian decorations. Turku's Mannerheim Park includes a statue of him. He also emphasised the necessity of further work on reconstruction in Finland after the war.[54][61]. Mannerheim and Ryti both agreed, and Ryti submitted a notice of resignation on 1 August. Mannerheim (right) with a fellow student. He was expelled in 1886 when he left without permission. [32][33] Disguised as an ethnographic collector, he joined the French archeologist Paul Pelliot's expedition at Samarkand in Russian Turkestan (now Uzbekistan). (Svinhufvud's successor Kyösti Kallio renewed this promise in 1937). [2][3] Mannerheim served as the military leader of the Whites in the Finnish Civil War of 1918, Regent of Finland (1918–1919), commander-in-chief of Finland's defence forces during World War II (1939–1945), Marshal of Finland, and the sixth president of Finland (1944–1946). [36], He followed the Great Wall of China, and investigated a mysterious tribe known as Yugurs. [75] Director Renny Harlin and producer Markus Selin were planned a biographical film about Mannerheim for a long time in the 21st century, and Mikko Nousiainen was attached to Mannerheim's role in the film. In 1929, Mannerheim refused the right-wing radicals' plea to become a de facto military dictator, although he did express some support for the right-wing Lapua Movement. However, Mannerheim fell out of favour with the new government, who regarded him as not supporting the revolution, and was relieved of his duties. "Mannerheim, Marshal of Finland, 1867-1951", Audio recordings of Hitler and Mannerheim's. In March 1915, Mannerheim was appointed to command the 12th Cavalry Division. I harbour the hope that you, even if you disapprove of my attitude, will wish and endeavour like myself and all other Finns to terminate our former relations without increasing the gravity of the situation. In December 1914, after distinguishing himself in combat against the Austro-Hungarian forces, Mannerheim was awarded the Order of St. George, 4th class. Gustaf Mannerheim was born on June 4, 1867 in Askainen, Finland as Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim. Petersburg. [83], In the course of his lifetime, Mannerheim received 82 military and civilian decorations. [54] From Immola Airfield, Hitler, accompanied by President Ryti, was driven to where Baron Mannerheim was waiting at a railway siding. [7] Mannerheim is the only Finn to have held the rank of field marshal, an honorary rank bestowed upon especially distinguished generals. Mannerheim was appointed to the military chief of the Whites, by a Finnish delegation. Mannerheim was troubled by recurring health problems during 1945, and was absent on medical leave from his duties as president from November until February 1946. [41], Mannerheim received leave to visit Finland and St. Petersburg in early 1917, and witnessed the outbreak of the February Revolution. He believed that he had accomplished the duties he had been elected to carry out: The war was ended, the armistice obligations carried out, and war responsibility trials finished. Due to Mannerheim, Finland was not occupied. At age 72, he became commander-in-chief of the Finnish armed forces after the Soviet attack on 30 November. Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim was a Finnish military leader and statesman. He returned home by car and aeroplane.[50]. Mannerheim expected that Hitler would ask Finland for more help against the Soviet Union, which Mannerheim was unwilling to give. Perhaps the best-balanced interpretation is Anatole G. Mazour, Finland between East and West (1956). [54][55], Mannerheim spent most of the Winter War and Continuation War in his Mikkeli headquarters but made many visits to the front. Some other parts he dictated. As long as Mannerheim was able to read, he proofread the typewritten drafts of his memoirs. [28] He didn't start learning Finnish properly until after Finland's independence. In 2013, an article about Kitty Linder and Mannerheim was published in the monthly supplement of Helsingin Sanomat. This was largely due to his being seen by many politicians of the centre and left as a controversial figure for his ruthless battle with the Bolsheviks, his supposed desire for Finnish intervention on the side of the Whites during the Russian Civil War, and the Finnish socialists' antipathy toward him. This may be partly due to his refusal to enter partisan politics (although his sympathies were more right-wing than left-wing), his claim always to serve the fatherland without selfish motives, his personal courage in visiting the frontlines, his ability to work diligently into his late seventies, and his foreign political farsightedness in preparing for the Soviet invasion of Finland years before it occurred. Mannerheim's great-grandfather, Count Carl Erik Mannerheim (1759–1837) served as the first Prime Minister of Finland. As long as Mannerheim was able to read, he proofread the typewritten drafts of his memoirs. [39] His trip through Asia left him with a lifelong love of Asian art, which he thereafter collected. [53] Mannerheim supported Finland's military industry and sought in vain to obtain a military defence union with Sweden. [43] He surrounded the Russian garrison with a mass of men; the defenders could not see that only the front rank was armed, so they surrendered, providing badly needed arms. Next Mannerheim became part of the Imperial entourage and was appointed to command a cavalry brigade. Karolina Lovisa Weissmann von Weissenstein, 7. Although his father, Carl Robert Mannerheim, had embraced business and moved towards a more bourgeoisie lifestyle, a military career felt like the natural choice for the blue-blooded Mannerheim. In December, he was summoned back to Finland; Frederick Charles had renounced the throne, and in his stead, Mannerheim had been elected Regent. After the Whites' victory in the bitterly fought civil war, during which both sides employed ruthless terror tactics, Mannerheim resigned as commander-in-chief. He was afraid throughout most of his presidency that the commission would request that he be prosecuted for crimes against peace. His grandfather, Count Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (1797–1854), was an entomologist and jurist. [24] The parents separated in 1902 and divorced in 1919. The government granted him the unique title of Marshal of Finland (Suomen Marsalkka in Finnish, Marskalk av Finland in Swedish). He was married to Anastasia Arapova. The Russian General Staff wanted accurate, on-the-ground intelligence about the reforms and activities by the Qing dynasty, as well as the military feasibility of invading Western China: a possible move in their struggle with Britain for control of inner Asia. His father, Carl Robert, Count Mannerheim (1835–1914), was both a playwright and industrialist, with modest success in both endeavors. At age 72, he became commander-in-chief of the Finnish armed forces after the Soviet attack on 30 November. [48][49], He kept busy heading the Finnish Red Cross (Chairman 1919–1951), was a member of the board of the International Red Cross, and founded the Mannerheim League for Child Welfare. The use of the title regent would have reflected the exceptional circumstances of Mannerheim's election. Petersburg. To install click the Add extension button. [27], Mannerheim's mother tongue was Swedish. [56] In July 1941 the Finnish Army of Karelia was strengthened by the German 163rd Infantry Division. In July 1919, after he had confirmed a new, republican constitution, Mannerheim stood as a candidate in the first presidential election, with parliament as the electors. He spoke fluent German, French, and Russian, the latter of which he learned in the forces of the Russian Imperial Army. Charlotta Johanna Ottiliana Jägerskjöld, Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Anastasie "Stasie" Mannerheim (1893–1978), 1931: Chairman of the Defence Council: from 1931 to 1939, 1939: Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish Defence Forces [. For the noble family he belonged to, see, sfnp error: no target: CITEREFJägerskiöld1965 (, sfnp error: no target: CITEREFTrotter2013 (, Elina Koivunen: Carl Gustaf Mannerheim – Suomen historian myyttisin mies, Kotiliesi s. 82–85, nro 12/15.6.2010 (in Finnish), sfnp error: no target: CITEREFJagerskiold1986 (, sfnp error: no target: CITEREFJägerskiöld1983 (, Virkkunen, Sakari (1994) "Presidents of Finland II", Zetterberg, Seppo et al., eds. Nonetheless he marched them to Vaasa, which was garrisoned by 42,500 Russians. In the film, Mannerheim is played by Telley Savalas Otieno. [31], When Mannerheim returned to St. Petersburg, he was asked to undertake a journey through Turkestan to Beijing as a secret intelligence-officer. (2003) "A Small Giant of Finnish History", Veli-Pekka Lehtonen, Harlin jätti Mannerheim-elokuvan, Selin jatkaa, Helsingin Sanomat 22.5.2011 sivu C 3 (in Finnish), [kɑːɭ ˈɡɵ̂sːtav ˈěːmɪl ˈmânːɛrˌhejm], [kɑːrl ˈgʉstɑv ˈeːmil ˈmanːærˌhejm], struggle with Britain for control of inner Asia, Hitler's and Mannerheim's private conversation, Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers, Grand Cordon, "Field Marshal Mannerheim, THE FATHER OF FINLAND", "Mannerheimin suku onkin lähtöisin Saksasta", Muotokuva; Johan Augustin Mannerheim; (1706–1778), IS: Pikavippi olisi kelvannut Mannerheimillekin, "Краткие сведения об офицерах-Александрийцах: Великая война, Гражданская война, эмиграция. In early 1947, it was recommended that he should travel to the Valmont Sanatorium in Montreux, Switzerland, to recuperate and write his memoirs. Early Years and Entrance to the Imperial Russian Service ↑. [15] Mannerheim's maternal uncle, Albert von Julin (1846–1906), then became his legal guardian and financier of his later schooling. He was almost totally silent about his private life, and focused instead on Finland's history, especially between 1917 and 1944. His chief of staff was Lieutenant General Aksel Airo, while his close friend, General Rudolf Walden, was sent as a representative of the headquarters to the cabinet from 3 December 1939 until 27 March 1940, after which he became defence minister. However, Mannerheim and his guests chose to go to a car that did not have a microphone in it. His father was Count Carl Robert Mannerheim and mother Hedvig Charlotta Helena (Hélène) von Julin. He decided to retire and returned to Finland. [3] Given the broad recognition in Finland and elsewhere of his unparalleled role in establishing and later preserving Finland's independence from the Soviet Union, Mannerheim has long been referred to as the father of modern Finland,[5][6][7][8][9] But even then Mannerheim distanced himself from the pact, and it fell to President Risto Ryti to sign it, so it came to be known as the Ryti-Ribbentrop Agreement. In January 1918, a military committee was charged with bolstering the Finnish army, then not much more than some locally organised White Guards. Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finnish military leader and politician.. Mannerheim began his career in the Imperial Russian Army. Mannerheim was troubled by recurring health problems during 1945, and was absent on medical leave from his duties as president from November until February 1946. Includes. He believed that he had accomplished the duties he had been elected to carry out: The war was ended, the armistice obligations carried out, and war responsibility trials finished. The Mannerheim family descends from a German businessman and mill owner from Hamburg, Hinrich Marhein (1618–1667), who emigrated to Gävle in Sweden and adopted the Swedish spelling of his first name, Henrik. In both the play and the film, Mannerheim was played by Joel Rinne. Mannerheim and Ryti both agreed, and Ryti submitted a notice of resignation on 1 August. They retook the Finnish territories annexed by the Soviet Union after the Winter War,[57] and went further occupying East Karelia. Gustaf); sitting: Eva, c. 1880. [43] He surrounded the Russian garrison with a mass of men; the defenders could not see that only the front rank was armed, so they surrendered, providing badly needed arms. [41], Mannerheim received leave to visit Finland and St. Petersburg in early 1917, and witnessed the outbreak of the February Revolution. In March 1915, Mannerheim was appointed to command the 12th Cavalry Division. Valmont was to be Mannerheim's main residence for the remainder of his life, although he regularly returned to Finland, and also visited Sweden, France and Italy. [29], Mannerheim volunteered for active service with the Imperial Russian Army in the Russo-Japanese war in 1904. Middle: Sophie Mannerheim; left: Carl, August and Johan; right: Annicka and Carl Gustaf Emil (i.e. In 1903, he was put in charge of the model squadron in the Imperial Chevalier Guard and became a member of the equestrian training board of the cavalry regiments. He was sent to the Hamina Cadet School, a state school educating aristocrats for the Imperial Russian Army, in 1882. You know me and I know you and know that everyone in the ranks is ready to do his duty even to death.

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