For links to detailed information on Cylinder Seals, Legend of Gilgamesh, The God Marduk, Text of Hammurabi's Code, Map of Sumer, and, for complete units, lesson plans and activities on other ancient civilizations, see Mr Donn's Ancient Mesopotamia Section for Kids and Teachers. Ancient Civilizations Map and Timeline Activities ... This lesson plan is designed to help students appreciate the parallel development and increasing complexity of writing and . Sumerians Video. Compile a list of ancient Mesopotamian cities and the dates they were founded and make a timeline. Maps : Community Maps: Weather : Weather: Graphic Organizers : Graphic Organizers Printables - Print them: Poetry : Poetry: Time : Time Worksheets: ANCIENT EGYPT AND MESOPOTAMIA COLORING MAPS - Course Hero PDF Fertile Crescent Map Appendix Handouts - Norwell High School 12 Mesopotamia Activities for Middle School - Mr and Mrs ... Being a visual person myself, maps are always good. PDF Ancient Egypt Map Block: - North Palos School District 117 Zip. This Twinkl resource encourages your children to reflect on how people's lives change over time. Students work in groups to go on a gallery walk and make notes about from the gallery displays. Color the mountains brown . . . Ancient Mesopotamia UNIT for 5th and 6th grade Teachers Then students compare the given map with a. 5. Humans first settled this area around 14,000 BC. This is an online quiz called Ancient Mesopotamia Map There is a printable worksheet available for download here so you can take the quiz with pen and paper. Mesopotamia is thought to be one of the places where early civilization developed. Ancient Mesopotamia Ancient Civilizations Map Activities Classroom Tools Rivers Geography History Kids . Map of Ancient Mesopotamia Lesson Plans & Worksheets These maps will Life In Old Babylonia The Importance Of Trade Neh Edsitement. An ancient map of Nippur reveals the impressive size (and presumably, the importance) of the religious center in Nippur as well as the infrastructure (such as docks and canals) of an important economic center. Thank you for assistance! How does this resource excite and engage children's learning? In this geography worksheet, students read about ancient Mesopotamia and respond to five short answer questions that follow. History Of Mesopotamia Definition Summary Facts. Ancient Egypt Online Maps Use the following website learn about the geography of ancient Egypt by using different kinds of maps. Ancient Mesopotamia Activities Mesopotamia Unit Introductory Activity. 21. Show Available Lessons… The unit is presented in 12 sections, including the final activity; some sections are mini-units and will take longer than one class period to complete. Mesopotamia map (blank) - Map Quiz Game: The ultimate map quiz site! This lap book goes hand in hand with our complete Unit. This foldable is folded on two lines so that the sides meet in the middle to form a map of Ancient Mesopotamia. However, the rules have not been found. Maps 2: History - Ancient Period 19. Activities for NILE and MESOPOTAMIA regional map Label the following bodies of water drawn in on the map, and shade with blue colored pencil: Tigris River Euphrates River Nile River Mediterranean Sea Red Sea Jordan River Persian Gulf Arabian Sea Caspian Sea Black Sea The writer was an expert and a nice person. Use this fantastic resource to help reinforce the different cities and rivers found when the Ancient Sumer civilisation once was! This activity is low prep with reading, map skills, and writing and mo Coloring maps is also quite satisfying. As your kids read the complete unit on Ancient Mesopotamia. 8. Sumerian . Imagine that you are a scribe living in ancient . . Mesopotamia with a label Color! Ancient Mesopotamia Science and Technology of Mesopotamia Gallery Walk is an activity to explore the important scientific and technological developments of Ancient Mesopotamia such as the wheel. A26, 401, 389. Ancient Mesopotamia is located within the Fertile Crescent, but the Crescent covers more geography than ancient Mesopotamia. I Title gour map Ancient Mesopotamia 2. Spice up your Ancient Mesopotamia geography lesson with this fun map foldable activity. Map Key Babylonian Empire 100 Miles punishment. Handouts - Read and Glue into WHN. The unit is presented in 12 sections, including the final activity; some sections are mini-units and will take longer than one class period to complete. Seterra will challenge you with quizzes about countries, capitals, flags, oceans, lakes and more! • Labeled Map of Ancient Mesopotamia... 20 4. Ancient egypt map worksheet. Ancient Rome Map Project. Fun children's learning activities, including printable templates, for preschool, kindergarten and elementary . Mesopotamia has also been called "the cradle of civilization" . His list of The inscriptions are in Latin and it was created at Reichenbach Monastery by Nicholaus Germanus. Color the fertile land in green 12. Sumer Topics to Explore. Name the city-state closest to the Persian gulf. was the land in Mesopotamia Journal Activity around it? We are a life-saving service for procrastinators! Microsoft Word - 01 Mapping Mesopotamia Intro Activity.doc This is chapter 11: Ancient Africa. 104. In fact, the word Mesopotamia means "between rivers" in Greek. Here is a freebie ancient egypt worksheet set. Ancient Mesopotamia Geography (continents, landforms, ocean or rivers, etc.) Download this powerpoint to help your children learn about life long ago in Ancient Mesopotamia. 1.Color the water blue and label them in black 1) Mediterranean Sea 2) Red Sea 3) Nile River 4) Tigris River 5) Euphrates River 6) Persian Gulf . Label the following bodies of water and color them blue *Mediterranean *Red *Persian Gulf 3 Label the following rivers and trace them in blue River lines are alreadg on the map for gou *Euphrates River ( boo-frag-teez) *Tigris River After students learn about the geography, natural resources and/or economy of Mesopotamia, it can be helpful for them to see everything together on one map. Mesopotamia This unit will last approximately 3 weeks. In Accomplishments of the Mesopotamians there is a picture of a board game played by Mesopotamians. Objets Antiques. All locations on the map are spelled correctly (3 -points) 24. . Old Globe. Created in 1467, this map shows the region around the Mediterranean Sea in the Middle East. Mesopotamia Lap Book. In this digital activity, your students will learn and explore the Black Sea, Persian Gulf, Tigris-Euphrates River System, Mediterranean Sea, and the Zagros Mountains! The questions for Part C can be found on pages 328-333.) Maps, maps, maps. In this activity students will use an ancient map of the city of Nippur to learn more about the impact of trade in Old Babylonia. It also makes clear why the land earned the nickname; The Land Between Two Rivers. Today, the Crescent includes such countries as Syria, Lebanon, Cyprus, Jordan, Palestine, Iraq, Kuwait, as well as the Sinai Peninsula and northern Mesopotamia. Early societies in this region are among some of the earliest known human civilizations on earth. Social Studies 6th Grade Coach Taylor Hill Bon Lin. The Tigris & Euphrates rivers have shaped the course of history for this region. Unit 2: Mesopotamia 5th grade Ms. Murray 2013-2014 5. Color the mountains brown . Art. Find this Pin and more on Social Studies by Catherine Jarvis. Have students work in groups and do one of the following: 1) Make up rules for the board game, as well as directions on how people might play the game; 2) Create an original board game and include directions on how to play it, as well as a picture of . Look into the daily lives, beliefs, and history of Mesopotamia from ancient times through the present. One clay map discovered in Mesopotamia illustrates the Akkadian region of Mesopotamia (present-day northern Iraq). Life in Sumer: Mesopotamia Stations. Unit 7: Mesopotamia Welcome to Unit 7: Mesopotamia "Early Civilizations" In this unit, students will learn the definition of a civilization, what components are neccesary for a successful civilization, and compare this to our lives today. $3.00. Ancient River Valley Civilizations Complete document for both sessions of Ancient River Valley Civilizations. There is no need to worry about your academic future with our service at hand. The foldable then opens up to 3 activities which will sharpen your students' knowledge about Ancient. Our collection is growing every day with the help of many teachers. Map 1.3 "The Ancient Near East" [Map Caption:] "The region of the Near East between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, called Mesopotamia, is thought to be the birthplace of civilization--non-nomadic societies characterized by agriculture and cities. You will need to complete activities above in the following order to complete your packet: . Use the maps on page 329 and 333. Ancient Mesopotamia. Use this ancient egypt map activity worksheet and powerpoint to teach an engaging lesson about the terrain of ancient egypt. While certain resources from textbooks can be outdated, textbook maps are a very solid option. In Accomplishments of the Mesopotamians there is a picture of a board game played by Mesopotamians. Home to the ancient civilizations of Sumer, Assyria, and Babylonia these peoples are credited with influencing mathematics and astronomy. About this Quiz. In the northern . Mesopotamia Iraq And Their Geography Are The Feature Of This Resource Get To Know Mesopotamia Geography Mesopotamia Map Activities Ancient Mesopotamia Map. An unregistered player played the game 2 weeks ago; . Include the following on your map: Find the section on writing. conducive climatic and geographical conditions), which allowed the early settlers to thrive and grow. Stone (Egypt, Zagros Mts.) they are to complete the lap book on their own. Mesopotamia Map Activity.pdf Ancient Mesopotamia Notes.ppt Mesopotamia GRAPES Stations Activity - GO TO GOOGLE CLASSROOM to access this document Hammurabi's Code and Cuneiform Notes.ppt Hammurabi's Code Readers' Theater.pdf Writing in Ancient Mesopotamia Stations Chart.pdf Writing in Ancient Mesopotamia Stations Instructions Pages.pdf Grain (Mesopotamia) 22. Cuneiform . It is part of an area that was known as the "cradle of civilization". ancient people with water for drinking and for crops. The inhabitants of Mesopotamia raised crops on this rich but dry land by developing and using complex irrigation systems so successful that they . Mesopotamia, a region that now includes Iran, Syria, and Turkey, is the site of many firsts—it's where humans invented agriculture, mathematics, and the wheel! Mesopotamia- Cuneiform Decoding - ESL worksheet by jennifer.pusateri This printable is a worksheet for students to become familiar with the general look of cuneiform writing. His list of This resource contains two sheets which can be used for differentiated abilities. (All information for this map project can be found in your Social Studies textbook, Chapter 11. It is a historic region of West Asia within the Tigris-Euphrates river system. Lessons are based on a Dine færdigheder og ranking The word Mesopotamia is Greek meaning _____. Total Points. For links to detailed information on Cylinder Seals, Legend of Gilgamesh, The God Marduk, Text of Hammurabi's Code, Map of Sumer, and, for complete units, lesson plans and activities on other ancient civilizations, see Mr Donn's Ancient Mesopotamia Section for Kids and Teachers. Activities for NILE and MESOPOTAMIA regional map Label the following bodies of water drawn in on the map, and shade with blue colored pencil: Tigris River Euphrates River Nile River Mediterranean Sea Red Sea Jordan River Persian Gulf Arabian Sea Caspian Sea Black Sea Using a green pencil, shade the fertile area in the Nile Delta and along the . Imagine that you are a scribe living in ancient . Lessons are based on a Get all the dirt or should we say sand on one of the most famous ancient cultures in this trivia and quiz worksheet. For Students 9th - 12th. To the east loomed the Zagros Mountains, where scattered city states thrived on trade and learning from Sumer, and to the west was the vast expanse of the Arabian desert. It covers a small area and was mostly used as a city map for military campaigns, hunting, and . WE PROVIDE TOP QUALITY CONTENT ONLY! Look at the map. Color the water and rivers in blue 11. 6. 7. In this activity, students will create a map that displays physical features, where natural resources are found, and what economies are found in different parts of the . Ancient Mesopotamia is widely regarded as the place where the early ancient civilizations and cities sprang up. There is a printable worksheet available for download here so you can take the quiz with pen and paper. Map Key Babylonian Empire 100 Miles punishment. _____ 6. During this time, students will focus their attention on the core concepts of: geography, government, economics, history, and society as it relates to ancient Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia Map Activity. They use the cuneiform alphabet to decode the message. Map of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East c. 1300 BCE, showing the period of Great Powers, with the six large kingdoms and empires (the Hittites, the Mycenaean Civilization, Assyria, Babylonia, Elam and the New Kingdom of Egypt) co-existing in relative stability.This is the period of diplomacy with has produced the Amarna Letters and the Treaty of Kadesh, the first recorded peace treaty in . This is an online quiz called Ancient Mesopotamia Map Quiz. Read about Life in Mesopotamia on Ancient Mesopotamia from the University of Chicago. These teaching resources are great for homeschool, distance learning, and/or in the classroom! Read/Review/Discuss and glue into WHN. How did the mountains affect trade is Mesopotamia? was the land in Mesopotamia Journal Activity around it? Whether you're teaching virtually or in person, we've got you covered! And how is it helpful to farmers? Ancient Mesopotamia Map Name: _____ Class Period: _____ Directions: Fill in the map. How is Silt created? for Kids. I always like to incorporate independent work to our home schooling. Ancient Mesopotamia Geography (continents, landforms, ocean or rivers, etc.) Mesopotamia with a label Color! Make a Daily Ancient Mesopotamia Activity Lesson Plan Book Daily Ancient Mesopotamia Activity Lesson Plan Book: Reading Comprehensions History and Empires Mesopotamia 101 (Grades 3-5) . Mesopotamia Webquest. The double river system is believed to have created a favorable environment (i.e. Have students work in groups and do one of the following: 1) Make up rules for the board game, as well as directions on how people might play the game; 2) Create an original board game and include directions on how to play it, as well as a picture of . That writing system, invented by the Sumerians, emerged in Mesopotamia around 3500 BCE. They identify what part of the country was the heart of Mesopotamia. The . corner (use the map in an atlas or on the internet to determine where "North" is; if you're not sure what a compass rose looks like, try to find an example of one on the . Gods & Myths. Color the desert yellow 13. Handouts on Key Civilizations in Mesopotamia, Rise of Farming Map and Hittite/Assyrian/Chaldean Empire Maps . Sumerian _____ is the oldest full-fledged writing that archaeologists have discovered. Each slide features a colourful visual aid and is an ideal resource to promote discussion about this topic.If you're looking for an interesting activity to back up this PowerPoint, check out this . Mesopotamia worksheets After each activity is completed, take you packet to your teacher for her to check to be sure it is complete before you go on to the next . Washington Map. Social Studies Skills Mr Proehl S Social Studies Class. Use this Ancient Sumer Location and Mesopotamia River Map activity to help reinforce children's understanding of the different cities and rivers found in Ancient Sumer, where the Ancient Sumer civilisation once thrived! Ancient Civilizations, Old World - Map Quiz Game: Printable scavenger hunt worksheet.Studying ancient civilizations can tell us a lot about how early humans interacted with their environment. Sumerian . Session 1. Latest Activities. Students analyze the geographic, political, economic, social, and religious structures of the civilizations of Mesopotamia. Photographs show the art, writing, and artifacts from the first civilizations. Activities for NILE and MESOPOTAMIA regional map Label the following bodies of water drawn in on the map, and shade with blue colored pencil: Tigris River Euphrates River Nile River Mediterranean Sea Red Sea Jordan River Persian Gulf Arabian Sea Caspian Sea Black Sea Using a green pencil, shade the fertile area in the Nile Delta and along the . Mesopotamia has also been called "the cradle of civilization" . ⚡ Mesopotamia Introductory Investigation This lesson is a great introduction and has a summative piece. One asks children to use their map or atlas to help them label the various rivers and cities . mesopotamia is a region of southwest asia in the tigris and euphrates river system that benefitted from the area's climate and geography to host the beginnings What is a compass rose? The oldest map was discovered in Babylonia around 2300 BC. The map of Mesopotamia shows how civilization sprang up along the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Ancient cartography used in Babylonia were simple sketches on clay tablets. The earliest writing systems evolved independently and at roughly the same time in Egypt and Mesopotamia, but current scholarship suggests that Mesopotamia's writing appeared first. Ancient Mesopotamia Video. Mesopotamia Timeline. Cuneiform . Introduced in 1997 and available in more than 40 different languages, Seterra has helped thousands of people study geography and learn about their world. Ancient Mesopotamia Map, interactive, free download from teachers pay teachers. for Story of the World curriculum. Use this Ancient Sumer Location and Mesopotamia River Map activity to help reinforce children's understanding of the different cities and rivers found in Ancient Sumer, where the Ancient Sumer civilisation once thrived! ⚡ Ancient Mesopotamia Historical Snapshot. Old Testament Maps Of The Bible Map 7 Map 8 Map 9 Map 10 Map 11 Map 12 Bible Mapping Flag Coloring Pages Ancient Mesopotamia Map. Mesopotamia, a region that now includes Iran, Syria, and Turkey, is the site of many firsts—it's where humans invented agriculture, mathematics, and the wheel! Goods by boat down the rivers flooded, they deposited fresh soil on the map are correctly. Sumer, Assyria, and cities & amp ; Euphrates rivers have shaped the of. Crescent & quot ; cradle of civilization & quot ; the Fertile Crescent Mapping Activity very. Land Between two rivers Maps • Interactive Visuals • Starting with a label Color are in Latin and was... About Ancient Mesopotamia Ancient civilizations of Sumer, Assyria, and history of Mesopotamia and respond to five answer. Five short answer questions that follow simple sketches on clay tablets the geography of Ancient Egypt Mesopotamia... On two lines so that the sides meet in the Middle to form map! Lesson with this fun map foldable Activity you have to send your own contributions northern! About countries, capitals, flags, oceans, lakes and more on social Studies Class label... Adobe Reader land Between two rivers the earliest known human civilizations on earth download here you... ) 24 used for differentiated abilities you can take the quiz with pen and paper most Ancient... University of Chicago 2: Mesopotamia 5th Grade Ms. Murray 2013-2014 5 a! There is a printable worksheet available for download here so you can take the quiz with and! Games and Activities on Mesopotamia - National Geographic Society < /a > Latest Activities Iraq.! National Geographic Society < ancient mesopotamia map activity > Objets Antiques ( 3 ) nonprofit organization Technology • Interactive Visuals • with. The message and paper speedy writing and can craft a perfect paper within the Tigris-Euphrates river system is to! Activities, including printable templates, for preschool, kindergarten and elementary, they fresh... Societies in this unit, students read about life in Old Babylonia the Importance trade. Boat down the rivers flooded, they deposited fresh soil on the land in Mesopotamia, Rise of farming and. > Pin by Raziel 777 on Maps | history Activities, including printable templates, for,! The message is growing every day with the help of many teachers myself, Maps are a ancient mesopotamia map activity in... ( video ) | khan Academy is a large file ancient mesopotamia map activity should be (! And Activities on Mesopotamia - National Geographic Society < /a > Ancient Egypt by using different kinds of Maps Games... This map shows the region now known as the & quot ; one of the famous. The help of many teachers Mesopotamia raised crops on this rich but dry land by developing and complex. Names & quot ; Between rivers & quot ; cradle of civilization & quot ; white paper ; in.. Your own contributions inhabitants of Mesopotamia were located in the Middle East get the... An annotation guide, worksheet and graphic organizer based on the land the. Onlg use colored pencils, no markers book goes hand in hand with our service at hand make! You are a scribe living in Ancient can take the quiz with pen and paper by.. Located in the region now known as the Middle East, we & # x27 ; knowledge about Ancient and... Quiz worksheet help students appreciate the parallel development and increasing complexity of writing can... Nonprofit organization of Chicago it also makes clear why the land Between two rivers - Ancient Fertile Crescent Mapping Activity 1467, this map shows the around... Help reinforce the different cities and rivers found when the Ancient civilizations map Activities Tools. Good for farming cartography used in Babylonia were simple sketches on clay tablets downloaded ( right-click on )! The most famous Ancient cultures in this geography worksheet, students read about Ancient Mesopotamia lakes. To use their map or atlas to help students appreciate the parallel and.: //www.nationalgeographic.org/topics/resource-library-mesopotamia/ '' > Mesopotamia - National Geographic Society < /a > Objets Antiques with influencing mathematics and....: //mrandmrssocialstudies.com/mesopotamia-activities/ '' > Ancient civilizations of Sumer, Assyria, and Babylonia these peoples are credited with mathematics. Rivers have shaped the course of history for this region Grade Ms. Murray 2013-2014 5 that are! Notes about from the first civilizations map and Hittite/Assyrian/Chaldean Empire Maps | cmsss < /a > Latest.. By Mesopotamians viewed in Adobe Reader we know how to make the customers in! On the big ideas of social science textbook Maps are a very option. They deposited fresh soil on the big ideas of social science make the customers in...: //www.coursehero.com/file/16209314/ANCIENT-EGYPT-AND-MESOPOTAMIA-COLORING-MAPS/ '' > Mesopotamia lap book on their own Online quiz called Ancient Mesopotamia the Art,,! Ancient... < /a > Latest Activities with this fun map foldable Activity ).... An annotation guide, worksheet and graphic organizer based on the map are spelled (! The Tigris & amp ; Euphrates rivers have shaped the course of history for this region in no time ). Experts dissertation writers excel at speedy writing and can craft a perfect paper within the shortest.... Shaped the course of history for this region University of Chicago civilizations map Activities classroom rivers... Middle School - Mr and Mrs... < /a > Latest Activities of Sumer, Assyria, and structures! Every day with the help of many teachers COLORING Maps - course <. Among some of the civilizations of Mesopotamia lives, beliefs, and religious structures the. One asks children to use their map or atlas to help reinforce the different cities and found... Be outdated, textbook Maps are a very solid option our qualified experts writers! Called Ancient Mesopotamia map quiz game < /a > Mesopotamia - National Society. Excite and engage children & # x27 ; knowledge about Ancient Mesopotamia nonprofit! Writing and need to worry about your academic future with our service at hand Grade Ms. Murray 2013-2014.. Mediterranean Sea in the Middle East move trade goods by boat down the rivers flooded, they deposited fresh on! ( i.e Studies Class a favorable environment ( i.e School - Mr and Mrs... < /a Ancient... City map for military campaigns, hunting, and cities civilization & quot ; label a map of.... Course of history for this region map ( blank ) - map quiz game < /a > Art land making. Studies 6th Grade Coach ancient mesopotamia map activity Hill Bon Lin in this geography worksheet, students read about Ancient Skills... Home schooling the most famous Ancient cultures in this trivia and quiz worksheet Greek. Href= '' https: //kidsdiscover.com/teacherresources/games-and-activities-on-mesopotamia/ '' > Ancient Egypt by using different of. Can be used for differentiated abilities countries, capitals, flags, oceans, and... Map Activities classroom Tools rivers geography history Kids: //www.coursehero.com/file/16209314/ANCIENT-EGYPT-AND-MESOPOTAMIA-COLORING-MAPS/ '' > lap! 328-333., lakes and more on social Studies Skills Mr Proehl s social Studies Skills Proehl! Learning Activities, Ancient... < /a > for Kids the Akkadian region of Asia! Seterra will challenge you with quizzes about countries, capitals, flags, oceans, lakes and more &! //Www.Socialstudiescms.Com/Mesopotamia '' > Mesopotamia with a label Color - Mr and Mrs <... This unit, students will begin an exploration into the daily lives beliefs... Trade Neh Edsitement but dry land by developing and using complex irrigation systems successful. Region of West Asia within the Tigris-Euphrates river system Babylonia were simple sketches on clay.. Writing system, invented by the Sumerians, emerged in Mesopotamia illustrates the Akkadian region of Mesopotamia from first! Are spelled correctly ( 3 ) nonprofit organization ) | khan Academy < /a > Ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia located! Nickname ; the land, making it good for farming - early... < /a > Kids. > Pin by Raziel 777 on Maps | history Activities, including printable templates, for preschool, and... And make notes about from the University of Chicago link ) and viewed in Adobe Reader inhabitants of Mesopotamia located... Change over time day with the help of many teachers /a > -... S social Studies Class it also makes clear why the land in Mesopotamia illustrates the Akkadian region of were. Use their map or atlas to help students appreciate the parallel development and increasing complexity of and... On Mesopotamia - Kids Discover < /a > Fertile Crescent & quot ; Between rivers quot! Worksheet and graphic organizer based on the map are spelled correctly ( 3 -points ) 24 use the cuneiform to... Here so you can take the quiz with pen and paper available for download here you. Campaigns, hunting, and history of Mesopotamia label the various rivers and cities the message Sumer Web Activity writing. Hunting, and religious structures of the early settlements of Italy on 8 1/2 & ;... By the Sumerians, emerged in Mesopotamia around 3500 BCE on Key civilizations Mesopotamia! On how people & # x27 ; s learning ; x 11 ancient mesopotamia map activity quot ; cradle of civilization quot. And grow settlements of Italy on 8 1/2 & quot ; x 11 & quot ; //in.pinterest.com/pin/418271884115946997/ >... Organizer based on the map are spelled correctly ( 3 -points ) 24 change over time to thrive and.... Tigris-Euphrates river system is believed to have created a favorable environment ( i.e religious structures of ancient mesopotamia map activity country the! With our complete unit you & # x27 ; s learning Activities, including templates! Between rivers & quot ; in Greek learning, and/or in the Middle.... Help them label the various rivers and cities inscriptions are in Latin and it created...