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I got a idea. Golden Age of American radio, period lasting roughly from 1930 through the 1940s, when the medium of commercial broadcast radio grew into the fabric of daily life in the United States, providing news and entertainment to a country struggling with economic depression and war. As CBS News Vice President and Director of Public Affairs, Murrow remained uncomfortable as an executive and returned to reporting in 1951. Radio stations consolidated during the Depression, as smaller stations went out of business. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. In response the Communications Act of 1934, one of the regulatory foundations of Roosevelt's New Deal, which was a group of policies focused on relief and reform, provided for the establishment of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Freeman Fisher Gosden and Charles James Correll created and starred in the popular radio show "Amos 'n' Andy." Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. 6. They felt that if a single company owned all of the radio stations and newspapers in one town, they would not express a variety of views. 35. Radio writers often wrote their sound requirements into the script, as did Irving Reis in his radio play "Meridian 7-1212." In 1943, Beulah moved over to That's Life and then became a supporting character on the popular Fibber McGee and Molly radio series in late 1944. 32. on E. 105th between Cedar and Carnegie avenues in the late 1940s and early 1950s, before landing . Live musical groups that played on the radio during the late 1920s and early 1930s included The Sylvania (light bulbs) Foresters, The Champion (spark plugs) Sparkers, and The Planters (peanuts) Pickers. Russo, Alexander. Over flagship station WEAF in New York City, announcer Graham McNamee presided over the inaugural broadcast; guest stars included humourist Will Rogers, speaking from Independence, Kansas, and opera star Mary Garden, singing from Chicago. The Saint .The longest-running radio incarnation was with Vincent Price, who played the character in a series between 1947 and 1951 on three networks: CBS, Mutual and NBC. The list was selected from more than 300 nominees plus write-ins and was announced at a reception in honor of . Colbert was one of radio's earliest and most prolific soap opera performers, appearing in "Stella Dallas," "Life Can be Beautiful," "Young Dr. Malone," "Portia Faces Life," and "Aunt Jenny," among others. List of old-time American radio people. We'll fill dat up wid water. New York: Crown Publishing Croup, 2000. Though only relatively wealthy Americans owned radios a decade earlier, in the 1930s radios became a common appliance owned by the majority of Americans The FCC took the place of the Federal Radio Commission and oversaw the telecommunications industry as well as broadcasting. Andy: Come on over yere wid me. The complex drama was both criticized for its racial insensitivity and lauded for showing a humanistic portrait of a particular subset of society (from Charles J. Correll and Freeman F. Gosden. Lackmann, Ronald. In the late 1940s, . My Favorite Husband is the name of an American radio program and network television series. Prestige anthology shows brought together writers such as Archibald MacLeish and Norman Corwin with actors from the legitimate stage such as Helen Hayes and Orson Welles, and film-based anthology shows such as The Lux Radio Theatre and Academy Award Theater featured movie stars of the day reading live radio versions of their motion-picture roles. Tens of millions of people listened to his weekly radio broadcasts. The Broadcast Century and Beyond: A Biography of American Broadcasting. Early Work Dat's goin' make Mister Hopkins mad if he ever find dat out. Selected discography The Adventures of Maisie (aka Maisie) was a radio comedy series starring Ann Sothern as underemployed entertainer Maisie Ravier, a spin-off of Sothern's successful 1939-1947 Maisie movie series. Many of the major newscasters of the century got their start in radio during the Depressionincluding H.V. Now the mass produced goods could be promoted through the mass media for mass consumption. Roosevelt believed he needed to keep close contact with the American people given the severe hardships many were suffering through the Great Depression and ensuring as much support as possible for his New Deal programs. They warned that children should be running and playing outside, not sitting inside being entertained by a box. Comedian Bob Hope was an exceptional radio performer who went on to an extraordinary career in television and film. Historic Events for Students: The Great Depression. Such fads were a good buy for entertainment during the Depression when budgets were tight. In response to the election, the Spanish military formed a military government, exiled the leaders of the group, and attempted to isolate the various local groups that supported the Popular Front. "Watch on the Rhine," an episode of the motion-picture adaptation series Academy Award Theater, starring Paul Lukas; airdate August 7, 1946. . Sound effects were created in the most innovative ways. His broadcasts helped lead a shift in public concern away from Great Depression economic problems to foreign policy issues. . Richard Rogue was a working stiff kind of a private eye, and had a quick tongue. 2 Rush Limbaugh. Douglas, Susan Jeanne. As early as 1939, Germany began hiring expatriate Americans to host radio programs aimed at deterring U.S. intervention in the war. Historic Events for Students: The Great Depression. Grote Reber (born 1911) was a radio engineer who became interested in radio astronomy as a hobby. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Americans were spending so much time listening to radio that some child development specialists worried that children would be harmed from the activity. The series was heard on CBS Radio, NBC Radio, the Mutual Radio Network, and on Mutual flagship radio station WHN in NYC. Millions of others saw their paychecks reduced or lived in constant fear that they, too, would finally be hit with economic hardship. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Women were the key listeners during the daytime, so household products such as soap were eager advertisers for those time slots. Radio Reader: Essays in the Cultural History of Radio. For example they created the character of Dick Tracy, Jr. who encouraged listeners to become Dick Tracy Junior Detectives by sending in box tops from certain cereals. "Too Many Problems," an episode of the situation comedy series Father Knows Best, starring Robert Young; airdate November 2, 1950. Radio not only widened the scope of Americans past their own communities, it brought the events of the world into their homes. Some comedians liked to tell what at the time were considered risqu jokes, meaning the jokes were on the edge of being considered indecent. "The Maxwell House Show Boat" was a variety show that evoked nostalgia for the old-time South, making listeners forget the griminess of Depression-wracked urban America. Lillian Disney at Schiphol Airport in 1951 by Carel L. de Vogel from Wikimedia Commons. Sports played a major role in the escapism from the Great Depression. The American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) brought advertising to American radio when their New York City radio station, WEAF, began selling time for toll broadcasting. Its first radio commercial, broadcast on August 22, 1922, was a 15-minute real-estate ad offering apartments in Jackson Heights, Queens. . Women and Radio: Airing Differences, edited by Caroline Mitchell. CHARLIEMATTOS CHARLIE MATTOS. Also radio programming could be enjoyed by the entire family who gathered in front of the radio in the comfort of their own home. As Germany's aggression in Europe became increasingly evident, Coughlin lost some of his popularity, however, for much of the Depression he was a significant voice in American radio. Comedies took on issues of race relations, poverty, and cultural misunderstandings, providing a framework to help people make sense of their rapidly changing country and world. Soap operas such as Ma Perkins and The Guiding Light kept housewives company through the afternoon. The economic situation during the Depression directly impacted radio. Programming began to grow despite the fact that radios were still too pricey for most Americans. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1998. In addition the rise of communism and fascism (dictatorships) in Europe was increasingly causing alarm in the United States. talks in 1938, reportingcorrectlythat Munich was a "complete victory for Hitler." They set a new standard for communications between the president and the public (from Franklin Roosevelt. Others, however, disappeared from the airwaves. As early as 1916, Sarnoff envisioned a radio that would be as standard in homes as a piano or a phonograph. Block programming defined much of radio before TV challenged radio to become the top form of media in the 1950s. A few cities or states operated stations as government services. As a result, NBC decided to sell its Blue network in 1943. Some sources say the whistling theme for The Saint was created by Leslie Charteris while others credit RKO composer Roy Webb.Price left in May 1951. Marie Wilson portrayed the title character, Irma Peterson, on radio, in two films and a television series. In this way radio was an excellent form of escapism during the particularly tough period when the public was greatly affected by the Great Depression. His career started in vaudeville, and he debuted in 1931 on radio on the Ed Sullivan show, getting his own radio show in 1932. A radio personality is a person who hosts a radio talk show and interacts with the audience via telephone or email. The city's first disc jockey was Halloween Martin, whose show, Musical Clock, was a morning staple on various stations from 1929 to 1946. The networks merely provided the airtime and studio facilities. His character was particularly appealing to the Great Depression audience that was coping with economic hard times. Radio provided a huge and attentive audience, but it also provided unique demands. Political parties made great use of radio during the 1930s, much as they did television later in the century. By the mid-1950s American radio had moved beyond its Golden Age to modern formats such as Top 40, alternative or underground FM, talk shows, and public-service programming. In 1937 Welles became the voice of "The Shadow." Germany was mobilizing to occupy a large portion of Europe and much of the world was moving towards what would come to be known as World War II (19391945). The stock market crash and following Great Depression brought economic hard times to many Americans. George Burns (18961996). See more ideas about old time radio, radio, golden age of radio. Encyclopedia.com. Though they married in 1926, Burns and Allen did not tell their radio audience for many years. Andy: Now, lissen yere, Amosdon't never try to tell me whut to do or whut not to do. To complete our program of protection in time, therefore, we cannot delay one moment in making certain that our National Government has power to carry through. As increasing poverty made many other forms of entertainment prohibitively expensive, America's reliance on radio grew. Amos: : Wait a minuteyou can't do dat wid de stuff. In . . The list Famous Radio Personalities includes Joe Rogan, Howard Stern, Sarah Bellew, Laura Ingraham and Benjy Bronk. Nevertheless, the end of World War II in 1945 roughly coincided with the arrival of commercial television, and this new mediumwhich added the visual element to radios tried-and-true formula of sound and immediacysoon drew creative talent, listener loyalty, and advertising revenue away from radio. Ely, Melvin Patrick. By the early 1930s Coughlin's broadcasts shifted to economic and political commentary. Such creativity by non-whites and non-Protestants did not mesh well with the racist doctrines of the Nazis who preached the dominance of white society. Known as an American DJ, music historian, radio personality, and actor, he was the host of several music radio countdown programs, notably "American Top 40" from 1970 until his retirement in 2009. Millions of Americans listened to his weekly radio broadcast. The most famous radio personality in Cleveland history, and a pioneer of early rock 'n' roll. He built the first radio te, Ryle, Martin Age: 70 . The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt: 1937 Volume. In effect, four Justices ruled that the right under a private contract to exact a pound of flesh was more sacred than the main objectives of the Constitution to establish an enduring Nation. One of Hollywood's greatest celebrities was columnist Louella Parsons. In 1937, she joined the CBS radio network and continued until 1941. At the beginning of the explosion of radio in the 1930s, radio advertising increased while newspaper advertising decreased, though newspapers eventually bounced back. By 1944 it had been renamed the American Broadcasting Company (ABC). (Tone) (Her voice starts to break) When you hear the tone the time will be eleven fifty-nine and three-quarters. The failure of the government to suppress the rebel broadcasts appeared to signal the collapse of the military government. The program began as Sam n Henry on Chicagos WGN station in 1926 and quickly became a national phenomenon when it made its network debut under its new name in 1929. Adam Carolla. The growth in radio provided a large audience for various voices in cultural and political criticism. Comic strips were transformed into popular radio programs with the debut of shows based on "Little Orphan Annie," "Buck Rogers in the Twenty-Fifth Century," "Flash Gordon," and "Dick Tracy." Franklin D. Roosevelt used radio to talk directly to Americans in his fireside chats. News events such as the Lindbergh baby kidnapping and the Hindenburg disaster captured the nations attention. Throughout the 1930s, as the world careened toward war, America debated the appropriate response to the emerging conflict. Music led the way onto radio, with the broadcasting of swing and big band music in the 1920s. Isolationism seemed less tenable. The chats were highly popular and pioneered a means for future presidents to communicate directly with the public outside the normal news channels. Born Nathan Birnbaum, comedian George Burns and his wife and comedic partner Gracie Allen, starred in the Burns and Allen Show on radio beginning in 1933. Some of the early big names in radio moved on as TV stars, such as Dick Clark, Wolfman Jack and Casey Kasem in the 1960s. In 1937 a reporter captured his reaction to the crash of the Hindenburg. RM2HJCMA2 - Dr. Seuss (1904-1991) sketching Clifton Fadiman (1904-1999) as the Cat in the Hat. Later in the 1930s as Spain descended into civil war, radio became pivotal in rallying the forces opposing the military government. Stars of the stage, including theater stars and musical groups, became the stars of radio, with performers such as Edgar Bergen, Jack Benny, Bob Hope, Kate Smith, Guy Lombardo, Orson Welles, Barbara Stanwyck, Cary Grant, and Humphrey Bogart gracing the airwaves. Welles went on to a legendary career in film; in his film directing debut, the classic Citizen Kane, he used many of the techniquesand peoplehe knew from radio. Walter Winchell specialized in publishing gossip and other information that some critics deemed inappropriate. Roosevelt's Fireside Chats set the standard for future presidents to not only use radio to communicate with the public, but the growing mass media of television in the future as well. Kaltenborn also covered the Munich appeasement "The First Radio War: Broadcasting in the Spanish Civil War, 19361939." This lack of self-regulation and mutual cooperation between station operators resulted in increased pressure on Congress to update radio legislation, which was accomplished with the landmark Radio Act of 1927. The series was based on the novel Mr. and Mrs. Cugat (1940), written by Isabel Scott Rorick, which had previously been adapted into the Paramount Pictures feature film Are Husbands Necessary? For example, during Bing Crosbys tenure as host of The Kraft Music Hall, the talent and staff were hired by the Kraft food companys advertising firm, the J. Walter Thompson agency. was concerned about service to rural areas, competition in the communications industry, and recent technological advances. In 1932 NBC posted a profit of $1 million and CBS posted a profit of $1.6 million. "Stage Holdup," an episode of the western series Gunsmoke, starring William Conrad; airdate January 2, 1954. The shift to television in the 1950s, however, had a major impact on radio. Former radio personality Doug Allen is a jingle archivist and now maintains Jinglefreaks.com, where his growing collection of radio jingles is available online. His first song was "Goodnight My Beautiful". "Lost Horizon," an episode of the motion-picture adaptation series Academy Award Theater, starring Ronald Colman; airdate November 27, 1946. Licenses for Edwin Armstrong's "static-free" frequency modulation (FM) concept of radio transmission were first granted in 1940-41. The radio had become such an integral part of the lives of Americans that it instigated panic throughout the country. Boston: Little, Brown, 1969. As the reporter broke into the performance several times over the next few minutes, he described strange flying vehicles landing in various parts of the United States and strange creatures emerging from them. Disc jockey Haile Selassie (1892 - 1975) Emperor of Ethiopia 1930 - 1974. Kennedy's good looks and calm demeanor won over many supporters following a live televised debate. The Halls of Ivy is an NBC radio sitcom that ran from 1950-1952. Its premiere was lauded as exceptional, bold radio. Onair performances of works by playwrights William Shakespeare and Henrik Ibsen, and author Leo Tolstoy were produced, as well as radio adaptations of some of Hollywood's best films. Radio companies fought with ASCAP over blanket recording agreementsbasically they wanted to be able to play a recording whenever they wanted for a set price. By the end of the Depression events in Europe as a whole were deteriorating. Many had more leisure time on their hands, but less money to spend. Sponsored by Eversharp, the first series ran on CBS Radio from July 5, 1945 to March 28, 1947. A guy talking in an echo chamber sounding like Arnold Stang is "Eugor", some kind of an unconscious voice that gets mixed up in the episodes. The Depression listening public followed the exploits of "Babe" Ruth, Lou Gehrig ("The Iron Horse"), the Four Horsemen of Notre Dame football players, female track star Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias, the boxer Joe Louis ("The Brown Bomber"), and others. Initially all stations in the United States had to operate on a single frequency, 833 kilohertz (kHz), and stations in the same area were forced to share time so their signals did not interfere with each another. Today we are only part-way through that programand recovery is speeding up to a point where the dangers of 1929 are gain becoming possible, not this week or month perhaps, but within a year or two. In reaction some countries occupied by German forces in the late 1930s surreptitiously broadcast opposing viewpoints. With these changes radio remained a highly popular medium of entertainment and information for the American public. He lives in San Diego County. Radio proved its importance during World War II (1939-45) with almost immediate coverage of events. President Roosevelt used the radio for regular "fireside chats" with the American people, explaining the major events of the time and his response to them in a calm and reassuring voice. We've got it! Radio was an inexpensive way to keep up with news events of the Great Depression and farming news, and provided a ready means for escape from the economic hard times through sports broadcasts and entertainment programs. Comic strips had long provided a shared form of entertainment in America. Amos: You know, YOU wuz de one he tol' to milk de COW. Orson Welles (19151985). 4. The fireside chats were crucial to unifying the country during a difficult time and set a standard for communications by future presidents. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In 1933 Edwin Howard Armstrong produced the first FM transmitter and receiver, although it was six years before an FM station would air. Popular bandleaders including Duke Ellington, Benny Goodman, and Tommy Dorsey and their jazz bands became nationally famous through their radio performances, and a host of other jazz musicians flourished as radio made the genre nationally popular (Wald . Andy: Dat's whut you git fur not tendin' to yore bizness. Cleveland's radio industry in the 1980s was still largely in turmoil, with programming shifts, personality changes, and the rapid purchase and . In the late 1930s the Federal Communications Commission (created by the Communications Act of 1934) investigated the potential for a monopoly on broadcasting, and in 1941 it recommended that no single company own more than one network. Read; Edit; View history . Text is available under the Creative Commons . An early investor in the network was the Columbia Phonograph Company, which insisted that the chain be called the Columbia Phonograph Broadcasting System. "The Maltese Falcon," an episode of the motion-picture adaptation series Academy Award Theater, starring Humphrey Bogart and Sidney Greenstreet; airdate July 3, 1946. The list consists of 665 members. In 1938 Welless radio adaptation of H.G. They believed that America should not get involved. Decoder rings enabled listeners to decipher messages given in code language during episodes of the program. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, 1998. eds. Broadcasting Freedom: Radio, War and the Politics of Race, 19381948. This was Radio. I <3 Gracie. In the past this approach had been successfulthe military had been able to convince the people that the rebellion was local and that it was futile to fight against the military, thereby discouraging action. "The Seventh Victim," an episode of the science-fiction series X Minus One, based on a short story by Robert Sheckley; airdate March 6, 1957. (Tone: Phone drops to floor). Called the "Radio Priest," Father Coughlin began broadcasting weekly sermons in 1926. Rogue's Gallery was just a warm up for Richard Diamond, a series that took the best of the Richard Rogue character and made it even more suave and swinging by placing Diamond in New York City and giving him a Park Avenue girlfriend that purrs like a Jaguar. Sometimes the days' news events were dramatized over the radio, with actors playing the roles of major participants. The expansion of radio also played a key role in this change of national character. Networks competed to hire famous conductors, orchestras, and soloists. LEXICARTER LEXI CARTER. The explosion of radio was both exhilarating and exhausting. Dials ME 7-1212. For example candidates for public office must be treated equally and sponsors must be identified. There were several great radio theater companies during the 1930s including Orson Welles's Mercury Theatre on the Air, the Lux Radio Theatre, Screen Guide Theatre, and Studio One, later known as the Ford Theater.