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A locked padlock The test suite should be platform independent, and should generate repeatable results. requirements of the item being purchased. Quality Assurance, Product Development, and Purchasing Strategies in China. (3) list reproducible test methods to be used in testing for a. Typically, the decision to establish a testing program is based on weighing the benefits achieved by obtaining conformance versus the costs of creating and running a validation and certification program. by vendors to add products to the QPL. specifications; brand-name-or-equal specifications; design a. Sometimes, its really challenging to collect/get what your organization need .. even after sending the Tender/RFQ package, suppliers sometimes come back to you and comment Its not really clear for us whats required ? In contrast to the design approach, 0000066380 00000 n 0000004431 00000 n specifications customarily employ dimensional and other physical If the bid does not conform to the specification in all elements, it is not a bid at all; but a new proposition. For NIST's participation in XML/DOM conformance testing, see "XML-Based Technologies. The validation process consists of the steps necessary to perform the conformance testing by using an official test suite in a prescribed manner. (If the specifications don't describe the different approaches in the first place, then it's an implementer detail irrelevant to conformance.). In general, the . Lock 1215 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 1217 /H [ 1477 988 ] /L 355460 /E 76811 /N 21 /T 331040 >> endobj xref 1215 38 0000000016 00000 n It should be possible to know where the Specification originated. all necessary drawings, dimensions, terms, and The test software, consisting of a set of test files (i.e., data, programs, or scripts) checks each requirement in the specification to determine whether the results produced by the implementation match the expected results, as defined by the specification. Unfortunately, we have no experience in this topic, and the requirements vary from one country/area to the other, so we are unable to help. A reference implementation has maximum value in the early stages of a conformance program. 0000009297 00000 n specifications; performance specifications; and the Qualified Values that may be different for different conforming implementations of the standard, The color model(s), if any, supported by the standard, Test tool (e.g., tool, suite, and/or reference implementation, Organization(s) to do testing, issue certificates of validation, and arbitrate disputes. The responsible party, who must be located in the United States, is not required to file an equipment authorization application with the Commission or a TCB. 6 What makes a good specification in procurement? of Procurement has approved the use. 8 What does it mean to have a conformance clause? Alternatively, each profile could have its own set of levels. more interested in how it performs, how well it performs, and at R3XF5h{o9gkz1p!i[$KQt?I$o:hdSisA4e3Dm9,Hhj4@`h$&!!r" BH$@4$"Jz"H,*Mc18/,1 #c7n~ "/[#J specification is less interested in how a product is made, and In fact, specification writing should begin very early on in a project lifecycle. The term "optional" is used to indicate that if an implementation is going to provide the specified functionality, then the specification must be followed. Conformance quality is the production of products and delivery of services to specifications. Each test should be traceable back to a statement or statements in the specification. Specifications often used to be one of the last items written before a package was issued for tender, but this has changed over time. Implementation dependent ranges, minimum or maximum allowed sizes, etc. Quality of conformance is the ability of a product, service, or process to meet its design specifications. Although conformance testing is not a guarantee for interoperability, it is an essential step towards achieving interoperability. 2. This is a waste of human intellect and simply not good enough. The conformance clause identifies what must conform and how conformance can be met. 5. The rationale for an expiration date is that the technology, test suite, and/or specification will probably change and this forces the implementation to be retested. this sense means that the specification concentrates on how the In addition, it requires high level of maturity of internal requesting customer department. In essence, specifications are about communication and the exchange of information between the Customer, the designer, the contractor and all stakeholders in the project. When the supplier has more technical or relevant skills than that of the buyer, When technology is constantly changing in the suppliers industries in which case it will be hard to specify methodologies, When there is a clear criteria for evaluating alternative solutions suggested by the suppliers competing for the contract. Specifications sometimes need to address: Specifications may describe several different ways to accomplish its operation (e.g., a choice of file formats or codes). purchased under indefinite quantity term contracts and definite ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Other conformance related terms include validation and certification. A lock ( 0000009883 00000 n The conformance clause is a part or collection of parts of a specification that defines the requirements, criteria, or conditions that shall be satisfied by an implementation in order to claim conformance. $*5QG)+cX3x These criteria may or may not require implementations to pass 100% of the specifications. Examples of certifying organizations include consortia, trade associations, standards groups, or government agencies. Extensions shall follow the principles and guidelines of the standard they extend, that is, the specifications must be extended in a standard manner. 0000007141 00000 n This approach, used in both the Public and Private sectors is best described Lets take an example. specifications by bn reviewed by rh this procurement is being solicited as a small purchase request for quotation (rfq). How do you know that the software conforms? For example, statements indicating that an implementation "shall," "should," or "may" implement a certain feature. Substitutions or alterations will not be permitted without Company's written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed. Specifications can be attributed in two ways; 1) Attributes - related to things such as the part, component or raw material. 0000006359 00000 n It, in turn, refers to other parts of the standard. This nesting continues until level n, which consists of the entire specification. 3) The car shall have a red custom paint job with chrome accents. purpose intended. Brand-name-or-equal specifications have a The conformance clause of a standard specification is a high-level description of what is required of implementers and application developers. And, in some cases, specific documents are required for certification or to show the end user/customer, that the product is safe. An official website of the United States government. 1.3 Upon request by the Owner, the Manufacturer at its expense shall provide, a situations when the use of this specification is our only This board should be a body of impartial experts. In essence this is less rigid than conformance specification. 0000002964 00000 n The conformance clause of a standard specification is a high-level description of what is required of implementers and application developers. Procurement professionals should be focusing on what type of specification they are sharing with suppliers and to guide their internal customers to draft their specification document according to that. goods or service must perform. MIL-PRF- 19500 (Semiconductors), or MIL-PRF-38535 (Microcircuits)] referenced in the contract. However, this is generally impossible for implementations of nontrivial specifications that are written in a natural language. It is possible for a standard to have both profiles and levels defined for the entire specification (i.e., an implementer could choose to implement any one of (number of profiles) x (number of levels) subsets). 0000004956 00000 n Also, what is the difference between conformance specification and performance specification? What does it mean to have a conformance clause? If you do not use a third party laboratory, you may label this section N/A. If the mattresses being certified are for cribs or childrens size mattresses, please see the requirements for issuing a CPC. There are two types of specifications, Design and Performance. Verifiability is related to the previous characteristic of the requirement being "Unambiguous". BRAND-NAME SPECIFICATIONS: The both product and price competition requires that specifications Design Work that matches a design. The responsible party has the option to use the certification procedure in place of the SDoC procedure. Several of the W3C Working Groups have developed conformance test suites or tools e.g., SVG, CSS, and HTML. More recently with the advent of the Internet and rapidly changing information technology, the notion of conformance testing has become less formal allowing developers and users to assess for themselves the validity or correctness of the software or data with respect to the relevant specification. and others may require laboratory tests. The CoC is sometimes called Certificate of Conformance or Certificate of Compliance. Supplier Resources. 0000008556 00000 n Level 2 includes all of level 1 and also additional functionality. Specifications are statements of requirements to be satisfied in the supply of a product or service There are two main types of specification when contracting namely: With this type of specification the buyer says what they want and how they want it and the supplier has to meet this Examples of conformance specification are: What are the types of specification in procurement? compliance with specifications, and (4) provide for an equitable The decision to issue a certificate is based on the testing results and established criteria for issuing certificates. Though there are so many things that make a good well rounded specification im going to narrow it down to 4 simple factors; There should be only one way to interpret the requirements of the customer. On the other hand, the policy might be that a certificate is issued (or a claim of conformance is made) only if no errors are found. The CoC can either be requested by a buyer to ensure the product being manufactured has been tested and passes the set criteria within a specification and meets both technical and safety requirements,or it would be a mandatory requirement as stated by country regulations and law for certain products, such as Bluetooth devices being sold in the USA. legitimate but limited place in public purchasing. What are the purpose of specification in procurement? Conformance involves two major components: (1) a test tool and (2) a testing program (e.g., certification or branding). ^O{f 0jlrG11lgjcBR8LLQ4Ms7Irl;%oOA?CECpd@{m1MS]81W_4;O,Wmw@:5(h1f up/}u,2 Et8ALC%Z7 #fc[,:RC oA_"IFWS.fL' rx0!% ^r2;u,{0rd@Ty !A34AEnKZX+1 n/o The performance These assertions are statements of functionality or behavior derived from the standard, and which are true for conforming implementations. broad groupings are more particular types, including: brand-name In other cases, batch CoC would be good enough. need. This test suite has been used on a variety of XML processors, and results have been published on XML.com. Definitions - what is conformance (to a standard)? These are certainly all legitimate requirements but they are far from complete. It should be possible to know by observation of the finished system/product that the requirement has been met. `d 0@90@AA= .5@2:6: 12@7 KK;+MD 4p$? k9S:>P("hb YUE#5K>,46SCL- This blog is written by Renaud Anjoran, an ASQ Certified Quality Engineer who has been involved in chinese manufacturing since 2005. In many of these cases the problem is not that the scope changed but that the original Specification was incomplete. developing your specifications, however, Procurement does not have been trained. The meaning of the words "shall," "should," and "may," in the context of the given standard, could be defined in the conformance clause or be as defined by organizations such as ISO. This more common approach usually includes some additional, more specific, requirements in the conformance clause, along the lines of: One approach that has been used successfully is to have a register for extensions. conformity assessment - any activity concerned with determining directly or indirectly that relevant requirements are fulfilled. Sharing what is the required performance of this item without stating item details like (what is the required output of certain machine, which product will be manufactured by this required item, what is the challenge that company is facing & others). 0000003961 00000 n Its use will not be permitted unless only one is less interested in dimensions and materials and configurations 1.2 Upon request by the Owner, the Manufacturer at its expense shall provide proof of conformance with any or all requirements of this specification. legitimate needs. The overall purpose of a Define conformance specification. How To Manufacture A Product In China (without losing your shirt)? The testing program should strive to be as impartial and objective as possible, i.e., to remove subjectivity of both the procedures and the testing tools. ISO/IEC Guide 2[2] defines conformance (also referred to as conformity) as the fulfillment of a product, process, or service of specified requirements. Conformance Specification (Technical) which focuses on inputs and provides specific details of what the product/service should consist of, and how the product should be manufactured as well as what materials and process should be followed. There are two main approaches to handling implementation specific extensions to a standard. negotiated pursuant to 41 u.s.c. j.h8 Requisition 2 - A clear defined specification "I would like a knife and fork to eat my dinner with, They must be no more than 5 inches high and they must be made of metal. Purchasing will assist and advise you in @hA hbF`h`. specification sets limits and thereby eliminates, or potentially and to invite maximum reasonable competition. Each test should lend itself to providing objective, reproducible, unambiguous, and accurate results. To illustrate the characteristic of Completeness in Specifications consider my proposed user requirements for a new car. Does a KitchenAid have a juicer attachment? We want to make it easy to do business with us while also helping you navigate the regulations involved in the aerospace and defense technology sector. Speaking generally, one is the specification that A testing program cannot exist without a test tool or test suite, but a test tool/suite can exist without a testing program. Lets Start by looking at a Procurement functions relationship with Specifications. 0000069347 00000 n at least two brand names that will satisfy the The test suites are available athttp://xw2k.nist.gov/xml/index.html. The buyer uses the results of the testing to verify that a seller provides a product that conforms to the specification and meet procurement requirements. Examples of what typical specifications may be like include; Compared to conformance specification, performance specification has a number of ADVANTAGES such as; When is it advisable to use performance specification? Project Managers, in the pursuit of successful project management and to provide a timely, cost effective, quality service to their clients, may acquire personnel, goods and services during project execution; or personnel and services may be acquired by others, both within or outside the organization, to provide service in their specialty areas. 0000007164 00000 n specifications must explain in detail the results 0000009274 00000 n What are the types of specification in procurement? There are many types of testing including testing for performance, robustness, behavior, functions and interoperability. FCC (47 CFR Section 2.906) again states that the SDoC is: a procedure that requires the party responsible for compliance ensure that the equipment complies with the appropriate technical standards. In my personal experience "Completeness" of requirements is the hardest but possibly the most important of the four key characteristics of good Specifications. This type of testing is called conformance testing. This button displays the currently selected search type. Thanks! Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. 0000002465 00000 n An XSL stylesheet is used to generate an XML Conformance Test Report, which includes background information on conformance testing for XML and information that is useful in determining that each test is traceable back to the Recommendation. Moreover, each test should be written so as to explicitly state the behavior of a conforming implementation. Using this set of TAs, a set of tests that will exercise each of the requirements is developed. Specifically, if buyers don't demand that a product be . met to be considered responsive. These cast blades have to be x-ray checked to ensure no voids or cracks are evident. 0000002442 00000 n How to Market Your Business with Webinars. 0000007885 00000 n Conformance to specification means to meet the regulatory requirements; Customer needs means to meet the customer reasonable specific requirements. Conformance means that a product meets the minimum requirements in the standard. I will be discussing topics covering all aspects of the Supply chain (particularly Procurement) fuctions, Change Managment ideas and theories and IT software solutions (General focus being ERPSystems such as INFOR M3)For business needs. Any mention of commercial products or reference to commercial organizations is for information only; it does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST nor does it imply that the products mentioned are necessarily the best available for the purpose. contracting for buildings, highways, and other public works, and 3. And just as important, why is this important? 0000007908 00000 n Certification is the acknowledgment that a validation has been completed and the criteria established by the certifying organization for issuing a certificate, has been met. 1. For ensure testability of a specification/standard, care should be taken in the wording of the specifications itself. The success here will obviously depend on how you frame your specifications. The final test suite is expected to be complete by March 2001. For any . A standard may classify features as "mandatory" vs. "optional," and provide a table listing features so classified. The procedures should also contain information on what must be done operationally when failures occur. Quality standards are defined as documents that provide requirements, specifications, guidelines, or characteristics that can be used consistently to ensure that materials, products, processes, and services are fit for their purpose. How many times have you looked at this afore mentioned specification and instantly picked holes in the acheivabilty of the desired outcome? A conformance clause is a section of a specification that states all the requirements or criteria that must be satisfied to claim conformance to the specification. The test documentation describes how the testing is to be done and the directions for the tester to follow. A conformance clause is a section of a specification that states all the requirements or criteria that must be satisfied to claim conformance to the specification. Conformance to specification means to meet the regulatory requirements; Customer needs means to meet the customer reasonable specific requirements. PFi@("$0 (JDbyHA': F$%BIPAl4FP'aFYlO2f)m8c4&3 o7q$e9(#yd: Does it come from a particularly influential stake-holder? In my opinion, as the data requirements on projects become more complex and we strive for more collaboration, it is crucial that everyone has the same basis of project requirements, and this makes specifications as essential now as they have ever been. 6. These extensions may eventually migrate into future versions of the standard. should be limited and justified before solicitation. Conformance testing (also called conformity assessment) is a way of verifying implementations of a specification to determine whether or not deviations from the specification exist. These requirements are specified in a standard or specification as either part of a conformance clause or in the body of the specification. 0000066668 00000 n Procurement serves as the primary It increases a buyer's confidence in a product and its ability to meet their needs. activity involved in developing specifications for items ! Conformance tests should be used by implementers early-on in the development process, to improve the quality of their implementations and by industry associations wishing to administer a testing and certification program. Conformance to specifications means to meet any requirements defined for the product, not only regulatory. The size of staff necessary to do Paper combination is: 3 layers carton (Layer1 is Kraft liner of 125GSM + Layer2 is Test/Recycled liner of 100GSM + Layer3 is Kraft liner of 125GSM) with mentioning Flute type and total GSM. The conformance clause may specify sets of functions, which may take the form of profiles, levels, or other structures. Tip - Never design and make a product if there is an 'off-the-shelf' part available. 4) The car shall travel at speeds between 0 and 100 mph. b. 0000006382 00000 n described fully to include thickness, size, color, etc. A certificate of conformity, or CoC, is issued by an authorized party (sometimes the manufacturer, sometimes an independent laboratory) and states that the product meets the required standards or specification. If you cant describe what your organization need on piece of paper then imagine how suppliers can understand your needs, then quote/propose the right solution for it. A defect can lead to a failure that might result in loss of life. BRAND-NAME-OR-EQUAL SPECIFICATIONS: A The rationale for this is to be able to acknowledge all the implementations tested, but "reward" those implementations that "get it 100% correct". Therefore, the list of assertions should be as comprehensive as possible. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. 1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and supply of bare overhead transmission line conductors. The sponsor has a fundamental interest in ensuring the success of the program. Importers of some consumer electronic products that intentionally or non-intentionally emit radiation between 9kHz to 3,000 GHz radio frequency range including personal computers, fans, power stations for devices, LED lights, TV remotes, etc, into the USA must issue a Suppliers Declaration of Conformity (SDoC) which is supported by lab tests that may or may not be performed by an FCC-recognized and accredited lab as long as the testing is correct according to the standards (or may also choose to get the product certified as described above in some cases). Without a CoC, products may be impounded, confiscated, and in some case destroyed. John Spacey, May 01, 2017. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. In order to test that a specification is faithfully adhered to, one must carefully examine the specification and compare the implementation's result against the syntax and semantics contained in the specification. Its use is called for where a structure or Correct implementation and utilization of standards leads to portability and interoperability. My company Sofeast, can probably help you. 4. The conformance clause is a part or collection of parts of a specification that defines the requirements, criteria, or conditions that shall be satisfied by an implementation in order to claim conformance. Decisions are differentiated according to whether they concern day-by-day issues or broader plans. Some clients have asked us what is a certificate of conformity over the years, and we wrote this article to answer that question. This free eBook shows importers who are new to outsourcing production to China or Vietnam the five key foundations of a proven Quality Assurance strategy, and also shows you some common traps that importers fall intoandhow to avoid or overcome them in order to get the best possible production results. of function and cost. Alternatively, the Java test suite can be downloaded and run locally. In contraast, see Performance or Functional Specifications . These criteria and Request for Proposals and purchase agreements commonly require conformance to these standards. It is the basis of all offers and therefore the foundation for a contract. ANSI/BIFMA standards are go-to references when evaluating the safety and durability of furniture products during the specification and procurement process.