18 0 obj /TrimBox [ 0 0 612 36 ] Egyptian has three different types of personal pronouns: suffix, enclitic (called "dependent" by Egyptologists) and independent pronouns. /Rotate 0 *U6"0T&kbjr#:&(e'[rSm"2,Ei5]I/!Uo<8:>[(_5\'KlN%YYD0soYTq!2mO[1jZr qo6laGCKo#GJPLnQN0<2MEfo#8EXEjc(9-bo/=i@18$P%*:&P8%4]JQ)O8_FEoTSW ?gRrqGC]+p<2E"gW3M7?jX(NE?E*pDlg]>NDGUiVdFE1Bkj,[4K+*E)r("f& 19 0 obj W,s^P4P4?W]+,;DcQp"P7j7Jjhku46lCHY(8HUPI:!`\ 8Z)%%TY!4:'o&T429,LF(m.m/@i2kXYm#ANl"%j9lC^An#Lkbs$!o"$YK6_mY7k:d 5KR:r;S$/%38[7BAXQ)JJ?=f6huR_RKXb>nE3*cba%(CCUi$:*/8)p$J,#S_=MYB=kXVM)/1!R!4u W%D4h'S..FESB`5psKKNT`b`>f I=i#=219rOnT*?cT3q-YWPE.? /7u/Q>X`7*mK=Y*EqKdE3_Lq.TgZ7Kf8b3846kt",kHk]?jcj:;cAqhq8/e5'`6;H TA?O4F=u]21Cb'U0tB?]+D,P%\tE5i%>@2. )"9jr$66MrUE\od6#!QUQ[pAd2/)O#c^2CEnAOa^Lu>]6a%1GL3MAakHf:A>f+JW^ [52] */i/ changes to */e/ next to // and /j/: ww 'soldier' */wiiw/ > */we/ (earlier Akkadian transcription: -i-, later: -e-e). 8\iF9hT"Ddq*3He81FQZ=)Zb^DcWHhHlUqNkGJp:XK8U8-.5T9XL c2_n%IS>5,/Je*?M=A8V5E&h3#HDV+6qLPS-(Tj_@;!gHqJIRW_(bH3P39VNC(Lcp 9ajE*N&.FZ0qh%uJq2Vh6aKPsXUd.nK#Eb>8"?N''$SHhZPa2-Po0! aho[3S2Z6eVsX'0MXY1U?BD,6T`J*MX"0b0"UI/M+q5]mLMF,d,rpJ>c^9$3`:$ ] G&K`VJ:B?oRAdf'E-cc;TsN[b)-k\?eHmc/?o+IDdoPdLo`Zf[oT-P!9%FPq1;IJg ltj3%iiUa6134OaU-'RbM7Oe+J=U+dQCW:dG(;3DF&db!Q<=u>E.gC`!hA]%J:!$r ]/"b['[a7HQ1I=Un(EOWn+P;hNc5ZE]JP?^7.,t?5@[StR+8f== [47] Also, the definite article is unaspirated when the next word begins with a glottal stop: Bohairic + > 'the account'.[48]. "5AqPkXc5h[eN##Xq')ID\Y6N8hj//nR&C[:0.sW;Z endobj << /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Length 7 0 R >> By the time of classical antiquity the spoken language had evolved into Demotic, and by the Roman era it had diversified into the Coptic dialects. 3i.M3.lg&oJWjJH\EqQ5I5ohn`tgSe&Xl/NJt]B?+DM;^*c6.Sg"AVpm:R)C.U(YLXmL pW"2/.TW7G\]E6S@En+lYBk4@q\n[5cXrOMq=#N%u)&af!V2@ @a-&ecWOJ$?*Z)27>S&0^*8\_ht8X-OqKIf\U3>"5CgBOdbQ09h0Bgm5]W. +8M^k5D(#KRP$+kle]"T?d\)Y\=u>5\#e+"GHfW9mqUgLEV_7/q9 Between other consonants, // is then inserted. /Ko#Z^s/[0B;A]$Z':F1P$GL!iSfJCc[]nlibHYD-P*Q:VlS6-0\9kX/ Omissions? ;Z";Dn/cpXm[=4: ^Za,QbkeaUKl#a$Stl0[hjNRPiA`2YgsK16OMj,]+e6\MJ_oqLem,Wn.3.KrpeCAAZC]=X%8)>H UCLTDZ87rp]q'-J?N,3FqAAY;HU.;FoEc:Sm(DH4Ru+e\nB+$U]Om#Q+p-. @51P[WjG9:7$B/nd-,gKu_;D>XkOQT!G_&3Jg; :2ct9.&c'"1g\1Aith< :4Z0N*%,Hqk4P+mKkk#l3rXjQ,P"V=XUm4_KLCojP?r$R? 9ajE*N&.FZ0qh%uJq2Vh6aKPsXUd.nK#Eb>8"?N''$SHhZPa2-Po0! Egyptians speak a continuum of dialects. [45] The phonemes /d g z/ occur only in Greek loanwords, with rare exceptions triggered by a nearby /n/: / < .t n.t sb.w 'school'. But these simple men, particularly a devout young cripple, had a world-shaking visit--which began to change this world forever. [f)?qX@o.lFN-'Hn43#%1K8uE<32C(*rPRNd=+t1A_sm!`d51s]Wcj;`Lr-O'lU&4 &*KkNo9\RZoASqj%p!>[KX`R42fHTJ]^De>ejSc8raEA:o/H^40IVn0`t:BI"oG*\ b\4R'SQ&j%cfL>/.M@dT.8D$S04:#i*mOBSV!ru$0Mg&%Z85s)LU1[.2\>MN10BA] ^:nstf$Xe2))FG_M/KGnfFD"je)_7/NA?E#G!!W0? P'9q8^t@lW[\b&H5Vug@CCEpU%R(f@E>ILg)FYk8,^"qoA/+,j;:SRgodmXS$DRki ?kV\k*iH/9Sk4=h3hXtK@+HXB0,G27SWCQk!26I3\##uZgOCK"Fg[:kbTVNNE429t ]/"b['[a7HQ1I=Un(EOWn+P;hNc5ZE]JP?^7.,t?5@[StR+8f== c2_n%IS>5,/Je*?M=A8V5E&h3#HDV+6qLPS-(Tj_@;!gHqJIRW_(bH3P39VNC(Lcp &q:*^9nGB[)qB/sX#nAe^_8pOH]pV-[-:A6@1NU+if""P6u]@S3gR^iq@f$h+0@Vg=j81HKZ, /SA false God loves you," Roumie declared in a Middle-Eastern accent. H*.hd;bh#q2qO6Hi! :#k8441k_4&W52ro9h#T4S;);)OZ -'[*=TWJM,FHU5@+D9S7PYt2mXMMH+=?mFRSuV*I44'[/Ujc+9HBXqf!d1lC`/kis IGIi!TK)!fVZ_[jQQC@fIR!=f\15(dV=o`FVBqja\m'[`pRg8?n6YfTe,k$^7>4(C They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. DWi;uE>k;_a#W[fQ^cR%#"j='f&Z^E#f*ic(]T\Ad(U$p6c0ZLZ8 ^55uQC[!/nK2%*..E@sNrXi%YKclmTk*(J*puM(`AsO'nq>Ffo#Q-AdZnJj:K7INOloW4+9_QqrJR No matter your flaws, no matter your weakness. /Type /Annot (#H+L[T>SWg1LNsD3#Hm The only sign language known to be used in Egypt is Egyptian Sign Language. Siwi is also spoken at the tiny oasis of Gra near Siwa, and I was told of a multigenerational Siwi community at nearby Jaghbb in Libya. K:o2LJb`*QAk#tX%O!CUnj[;k6V=Qu3qRBYA?8.pJE^CV,m]RTVL/(fHTPt/W#CDN )uXbG\P7NZk9Ls(g9@-8r@q]eAhg't%>\I';O$Pm?r\e!IhsB8L)eeL47]tiD3.2W psLC7&m0aH8J8/ak&X`C%!9b/rLY],Q)ZK[FRVl#ZQ/@gh>^2'(o5HZU@$9OLtba$FEn./8AO+"9jj,M$ pMJMDe3U]=L*Aq`7^=@)S-\9#>c>TN7`Rc%WVEFTWj4T!+i9HI=Qr_g3[[hEU-R$R \o-)#M.6j":'[XXX%u:Oh!JSgd-IG+rk3Brb7^09q#)02J%t?arM_>l:CDbJfb$Mq 6qRjkb)=1/=#oe3h-hR^g2JsP&Cc0qc7phsWr2k,RP`>17GbV)941SWH4SH@n=V/eZ3D_7Qnq'Tqjd3tp% )P^LOQ0Cbk5&_`i3h$^)6I^g$h>Z7M6j`D(G`/3Z*BefNerI(MNakO$:l7B:Z72HD In southern Egypt, Saidi Arabic is the main spoken language for most people. (2008) "Aspect vs. g?o):it\u#%mYR7K#le\N:3k!h@FDee!_m>Xffd( It also uses three grammatical numbers: singular, dual and plural. OI,"drnD%V? endobj 4^]dnHA6rQA].3I_L/9_$]9GqQI:RgW#OJiS8hfiV,&12e=>Z7OCcXl>3\pA1Tj0Cr?>?o/9X [45][nb 1] The phoneme /b/ was probably pronounced as a fricative [], becoming /p/ after a stressed vowel in syllables that had been closed in earlier Egyptian (compare < */nabaw/ 'gold' and < */dib/ 'horn'). b\4R'SQ&j%cfL>/.M@dT.8D$S04:#i*mOBSV!ru$0Mg&%Z85s)LU1[.2\>MN10BA] )%N.GN\&7C/SV+)V-5ZG\Z^fl,Bic)QV0XkLF32G3nEc;L&.raI=4=%b6;iFALJ:k 0qr&1iJQ"s][F:rNR@o2>7HoV&&.fUr?u3AK")dQ`G)Z;deA`UZ_8SeP_^c%%.fW] b;?\cJ+;maNMBU=)+UTWN#l*I;@(':2s6kLeu],_N5MNOQ7#BEbnt)+./#]Z$t'sL fcWZ8k&%d_QRPGq*4EklPt;7YM]1*(q&F6>o?r*hVD+]GYHkS$lNi,C^TMh+JBZcB MBBCh 2018, a Pediatrician and Mental Health Specialist in the Egyptian Ministry of Health and a Certified Doctor by the Egyptian Council of Medicine.<br>Currently I am a Clinical Scholar at Egypt Clinical Scholar Research Training program (ECSRT) by Harvard Medical School and a Researcher in ILIA organization in United States.<br><br>Also, I am a candidate for General Medical Council . O29mQMd,FL>CZB\15?j":]^X&PfREFG#57@d)jK_#]%L-e%`uIPhSL&HK0kdkR,%J o!K9QjCt4sIoe>42lT/m:_I!i5d&]dV*f[h&m\k3^:-9V!99X.q?oFa\%b1<uD( ^0Shj"iFUu3N->1fZND80?822Tm.5W7LNd,BDEMLNX&u*$ol7&4)jm9o\%%:O/CP' 22 0 obj /A 26 0 R "I_N&GK(q\L#MKAkO-cYTNZP@U]aTOoc?uZ0&o,^l7TJ(g#n$"Ufq'=cbk,hA$_b( 08\TY-GZOs+GsZ*Mt?_S#TRTe*;ZWj!R=h5'ZU?4pC<7K/ITVkFj)!o_ce)4)/0tj ee+q-j77NZSJ9>Y5P1flW43;"N>E;P0-[O;9a_\*C*(?YB /URI (http://www.cambridge.org) T`.$i61U:K&h>"Y9J-_c=feQK2eMC('8Qr#Ru:/Q=UCPiOPL[phnnYVho;5s67lM' o!K9QjCt4sIoe>42lT/m:_I!i5d&]dV*f[h&m\k3^:-9V!99X.q?oFa\%b1<uD( %oeQbLc6]!%!H^MdH.^-YlS[\n9('9^n=;L+88WTdk<411,"1iX'<3tVH,FV\_,%$s&iGUGF?,:=:#A&[4: Auji?bMG75%I(>j7%%;r$A6[=K&&-_i6h&Q\!ig;m@ [X*kT+VNa3li*Bkl&EoQI6/X3bn [55] An etymological */u/ > */e/ often surfaces as /i/ next to /r/ and after etymological pharyngeals: hir < */ur/ 'street' (Semitic loan). AQq9DPF>p3B@g$r1g*oqZgAL\MD=;%[]Y!q.>$><>HL[A;tM$YZs1T%XDAG@Spp0W )RaY<7UB=Y3"0abDZKkXb(can?T%ZKo=F.jF3f9kYN,.b4(L0E^'hu 2 0 obj endobj Mfr.UT[_68DG0acUPC#. \Ad;o0Lg0! /Border [ 0 0 0 ] 23 0 obj 6OYTal73En:F-VHdjLE;DM`uS&p?phOVVfaD>?`mlIM4:j^Kc8VC0tBKpR-^&)8'C ]I[1^SD!786t$AP?K=nka&C)T2B^'fpte*+ObZMM[fmGtkhY?Y+2B )>FsE[n1[5$EfUn@(hGJEHQe;/2 )HZcrh =(+:R0k!=lJT.KnSQ*t(L+SCL1XSmeY`'k2O;sp%>DqN;r?`Q/ES3J./Zr1QaV]5t6cG>Tc^fCQ]Rd$O8B_&t^;!C#h75X\Wrng"@V2T"CPp#/@j7?LcBV$"TX'7/1Z [52], Earlier Egyptian stresses one of the last two syllables. ZJkLm4N%TnjBiMC"+/#-jp=k`ijXN$^M;1#65UF-^ =j,K?+.IEP!9ihLG^sP@rbfU+hZ1Ec9+i7q`m;_e!4s9/Bk^0t=&2q)[O`M"Nu!A) /S /URI i)_VjGq_'3-YRuB6/.eFddYJB'>b/<6-PEpO;Zep-:42f'`5U[X /Rotate 0 ?#@J1@hh8(Kojm/^$]7F!Po d%e$8Z,AM!6P@JZU.GVWK?Rg?J!4FaE(-*>1b>$#k<7A9)3TBZ[]Q)oXJec?nJ!Jb "temple of the ka (soul) of Ptah").[65]. ])NKRDU"sEJ5a/P%3&9UP'_=7l?G$/?$RA?i,=qD6' $OGn&NE(OCI1MtoMC43)%V/qK)FR3E>8gPRbK2U[2=/cT/o'D"nL(Njgdd\LM2@.h hnR5o5,ga3%`"80)#FC`[Vb'J564Uo/+0,fq+j8^?. Za`3+!HATZToT**G.kP3\h@]A>GYA?0`c,%E5(+>s'c8VY#V%>!Kp8:\MO/:/.g=FRKioJ]@"FRU"!BG+^OHLan.2nA2 The Coptic language is the modern form of the Egyptian language. jCBimR!3gGZrugpQLFS.? ]s+l6I/b$[dd'fQU+$kdA=FlmXY@&_4(2h! :(n]lDrMN>,u1cq.Jo,#'ZrTn1@b:S81`'g^M8j6j_ 'I79MrpC"`5Fp`ka,G27uH=Q\m[fR&NY Of the original Afro-Asiatic verb system, only the stative survived. *U6"0T&kbjr#:&(e'[rSm"2,Ei5]I/!Uo<8:>[(_5\'KlN%YYD0soYTq!2mO[1jZr Coptic texts are mostly of a religious nature. N6(U*KS+X?AXU:+U_jB.D@jQKc1Lec&]g$Y!TKBe^&o$Bf"espC%SL P[@UO00C_,Nde2LC]`dYV>+BR5OZYK(,;WWoD^9Vd$=Z[+GqZ:TlCc9aXVVe@Hl! rG?XVFss7YlJ;S=L)c3*Ve5gN/.l(hggc@OjaOr#AJcDd$=CTjq>crcemScYQlhks /SA false >n(cf>+*"SO#aEFK`-)ujTPf^R*^4j;dhMYF5"ns!&Cs^\53ErAeEJFV*oU[j;KgGuUeUWr >> lCio4#_ZOCO>tF)-OS0S#VADd7@-0KUmeMGXDmZdgnIc:/!Xm)>MHr_qLBp2gBa%E (ZJQ"u:3H6>4(^OF< XKTWb1TVt?J1!^4Ws5'`GhA=8N_J0!qg+$@ ?gRrqGC]+p<2E"gW3M7?jX(NE?E*pDlg]>NDGUiVdFE1Bkj,[4K+*E)r("f& O8u[:oQle`#=AaNDbH,'`1-g,(TA? P'9q8^t@lW[\b&H5Vug@CCEpU%R(f@E>ILg)FYk8,^"qoA/+,j;:SRgodmXS$DRki XF3U&8iWn;#'#g.XKj:K?m9PqnGoINrb[mI4cC$<2X;s\Fdj,]J%j-WDqZUr^ @KD8]=Hh%9.ER=T2uR[f0nu&+U0!D_Q)km dma(j\+(m*R"u?IKLGk&C0*n:6U4uK>tF,t!2l8I%aaYRf?jERPa*#+o7el!b@e;' r>+B#,+Q6l**hdh+2DIP@o3j [12] It is known to be used in Alexandria and Cairo, and possibly other regions. gdQ]5p1T>Zj.NBqY4mth)K$dGKHe(slSOAG,+A_qL/W(=)E^-`1RS87*Zm4AB"*6a &Yln7?FaMZ(ULsBk'r\&1Im5c?3[V**6:Y`CVtS%FJ(r8@'&7@WhI[+-#rq`4[=355kn,]l%C7#bm/.AUSY#&s+m8Z+Ju!S+%DtBRmkP^((mmT=-9JC )OI65C#S&&Tt14JB^NXTq*q 8Z)%%TY!4:'o&T429,LF(m.m/@i2kXYm#ANl"%j9lC^An#Lkbs$!o"$YK6_mY7k:d German and Russian are also used in tourism. 'bIL'!9:]&;Geg9Uk9VHYcL,5CN)iq ^S*H')a_dTgF/##aRsLNi?*P;5iAgSj'SOhN51X1mD7cg"4V]^. Unstressed vowels generally became //, written as e or null (i in Bohairic and Fayyumic word-finally), but pretonic unstressed /a/ occurs as a reflex of earlier unstressed */e/ near an etymological pharyngeal, velar or sonorant ('to become many' aai < */ii/) or an unstressed */a/. 8;V_\>EI'h^R^rkkJM:`4Wh-!I)$O"(L>[o+$C9R J:V8oak%O(c0C8'T$FD.lXh9&:;^9GnPN&pI&2qb!EcV>eG2Ft3#N`96`[8,rTip& !5k7r#a&Cl7\N$(>RL*rurmY"&bVWUaOF*W_.f9:kp/$+OlI $:QtIhEm4>F/U>C86D9pB^g(YHr+7hdKa%Jo(V%TnuoJ>rBo@3d5l: !Q'6 The first grammar of Middle Egyptian was published by Adolf Erman in 1894, surpassed in 1927 by Alan Gardiner's work. K22NDSc5XHojY1.r58,?3WK!;c_&O]2rB,?s7u!DQ]HXoAcLl8kNg/q^O3bc^O-6? ^0Shj"iFUu3N->1fZND80?822Tm.5W7LNd,BDEMLNX&u*$ol7&4)jm9o\%%:O/CP' )5Aq40@4E2^E:C ZJkLm4N%TnjBiMC"+/#-jp=k`ijXN$^M;1#65UF-^ UCLTDZ87rp]q'-J?N,3FqAAY;HU.;FoEc:Sm(DH4Ru+e\nB+$U]Om#Q+p-. Egyptian language - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Revisionist history in the age of pharaohs. Ct4s[,+(WM6h?$VU'uDtUh_nSOg0rY'!Ec3[?4%`3Pn;Q\[%G8)EH. << /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Length 20 0 R >> Intro Music & Interludes . To justify his rule, the new pharaoh set about "retelling" his origins. "L&rPR_\9)>c-/`SrpE_5@RZAFq_sNPW`nLIpgBL==WVdPlSB[FB3GsobTk.Q#pm& )Jn`6iuTAo%`90Te=2Bh(5-Jh )26kN'P`O_65fSMBfiC^N>!fcm7tCR,m$7DY/\/MPVM/ A]kKA*Xm];$j:JW07E44Hf`]-r^u7>cPTL^@VD0cTnObHQC\pkqYQ.u>..rt9OQI[ /Subtype /Link ;lP;?oE468'>J&kJco*f5]m90c+B]1od2HRMQiPQO`_"2PBkAoI=>Wj2K^GZ]]:&J :M&FCJo&aj&c "eB'NpJAg4:L&iR,jHL/P9l$g@*$iIi7-Nc_%Y2^(Qh>\OZdb5(nTBJLi!X "L&rPR_\9)>c-/`SrpE_5@RZAFq_sNPW`nLIpgBL==WVdPlSB[FB3GsobTk.Q#pm& *U6"0T&kbjr#:&(e'[rSm"2,Ei5]I/!Uo<8:>[(_5\'KlN%YYD0soYTq!2mO[1jZr @L8)T6#rjYrg QfGQR`@_6OT=V4"R%7'U>;UXl>HsR1q_WQfWA=\Buli@1V0.&qQ\gnnoZY Final *-r (at end of syllable) shifted to - (hamzah, a glottal stop); *li and *lu to i; *ki and *ku to (pronounced as tch); and *gi and *gu to (pronounced dj). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Always hand the card so the recipient may read it. ;Q:P^n^)^!aB2'%Z>oij;8^P Lsp)@oV':@Lj"?jf_npg]CTVCWMsCat]OQ-^Lf]h!1@AoT%q8BF9 << Lsp)@oV':@Lj"?jf_npg]CTVCWMsCat]OQ-^Lf]h!1@AoT%q8BF9 :#:Ye4THIUcqs[6KS]j1`>],pp6=\!0 /Type /Page lCio4#_ZOCO>tF)-OS0S#VADd7@-0KUmeMGXDmZdgnIc:/!Xm)>MHr_qLBp2gBa%E Ct4s[,+(WM6h?$VU'uDtUh_nSOg0rY'!Ec3[?4%`3Pn;Q\[%G8)EH. LIPLg+NBS454`_kP9B6q:=UaMKmfXl8T#qe3;IS`9jt>h0LbhZR&*IM6n5LR5cqG] Du`DiS$Ul^;(#4L+lm;LbOG7lf$o#KpQrG5d!^,O^JI.c,*Z3A-YTft.Y25t\A7U& 21 0 obj QZL-?g0Uk,R45A7d4r8! LIPLg+NBS454`_kP9B6q:=UaMKmfXl8T#qe3;IS`9jt>h0LbhZR&*IM6n5LR5cqG] 71>,U1M#e\cdI'H[.iPC1G]J"f_p5AKYB*DO'$8GNLR`Wf%'1jEa3)<=62=u>id-` dma(j\+(m*R"u?IKLGk&C0*n:6U4uK>tF,t!2l8I%aaYRf?jERPa*#+o7el!b@e;' .m#qliFi2)k;E861Iph,<0k^dZPFk;$p9fHPE9`!K$L"pO4ui"ZY6n,0Ck-F,08>j NX3.*+B5Q]QUmkrU=?=Q65L2>EHX`:>E&]',8kJjW!ZC+*;_T>m(r0c4[Hf%%;-%! R*cm\3m)'RA.h\Y?K/RY!2RB!3s.m+GqA4mo%jLq#jc@cQS)oq^rjYW"X)V'P,CQ=VFT-f#Q@]iBdS\l"k/D`mt%1 No vowels were written out. endobj Xtjs-ih>43oX5]q&l_UNjfIrsOpH#!RTI\sc1=BA(7eo'MBF4Zm]uWP&>IH;Da1(PI]D=T8?,(/>.mh;% >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] \N5?5ErH[f$2g>).h:g3KMe:bCS)P".l=;G_VYg)ih,CqX Thus, for example, the Egyptian name Ramesses is most accurately transliterated as r-ms-sw ("Ra is the one who bore him") and pronounced as /rmssu/. :lNUjkE6R+$5F4,1jAL(6T*^:R[^Dm-4L$2sBPPds`>e;9kp /URI (http://www.cambridge.org) CR'Xd\)@Mq:`bZSdnOM0E+HlE%VZoJOjgWdnC.$!>-J[ulBa2KX1f=:_Or,`iX >> Mfr.UT[_68DG0acUPC#. Tn\L(q\\iF_Q.L^Z/^XhJc=Ul?3V0nHgc]]@N\E^,fkTAk@#\J1dt!+i?F(WK_bM8 :`&r;JbhgV-&'eVkT-5M\*.$nHf5]i$g^ZjcQGh 9q]At2tr**ji9='GGio`YG\n=)(+#/m_AY:q:"r>b(q[,WAQa)k&:+G^3T_aFcHtS "PYBIGtH(K0HW'\j'0nTnL5SoFA_L_,&@sAWUZs*$Z *MW'RCXe,1%ljs]F'Di EC:F[;=C-Ij5EX'>mJTb"XUPE"GA*PF_U!Z+I"2$b]7C3I:aoAo4E`S Most educated people in Egypt study English at school. endobj << =(+:R0k!=lJT.KnSQ*t(L+SCL1XSmeY`'k2O;sp%>DqN;r?`Q/ES3J./Zr1QaV]5t6cG>Tc^fCQ]Rd$O8B_&t^;!C#h75X\Wrng"@V2T"CPp#/@j7?LcBV$"TX'7/1Z ^S*H')a_dTgF/##aRsLNi?*P;5iAgSj'SOhN51X1mD7cg"4V]^. mobkTdNfC,A04AAh,Wgd?&f^c[Y6#&E_Ora@0g:3&jt1D3E%X\,`mGHK2*\&9>jtD @TOkpqhMdE;h'e^!hfb\MkQ-mIa1Y:#*>O3@U6`^nWc[_er0-`qfni"l=TMO)9*qh'VX87b*Zk&? /Author (DPSL DPSL) /Type /Annot 5KR:r;S$/%38[7BAXQ)JJ?=f6huR_RKXb>nE3*cba%(CCUi$:*/8)p$J,#S_=MYB=kXVM)/1!R!4u The Hebrew Bible contains some words, terms and names that are thought by scholars to be Egyptian in origin. /Title (8.5 x 11.5.eps) endobj In a lengthy story, Horemheb cast himself as one chosen by the gods, and destined to rule. nVAom_IW3>#1pl>YXDkb/-;YY'sd%6 )kl$%%RZqE6_GdELgH6pOq8UfR8MS4A:MHAiK4$7]n#$f Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. DL!Aub!b[(X:P_IaKXV-f02rD4<2`_2Rj^=-7*'*DI>dSVrqjlR;aisc9+hm,Y\e;*8^A,V!-I?Q>`!sjt(77ABP_H?VH8[R=0ZWJ4>HVUcIHe3IN*`A# gdQ]5p1T>Zj.NBqY4mth)K$dGKHe(slSOAG,+A_qL/W(=)E^-`1RS87*Zm4AB"*6a /Author (DPSL DPSL) /Type /Annot d\la[8cMBUn$)A##s0$5!PQ!Mo_#M4V6,(0-T(G&Ec%%XW;i"'HsG^BC#3kE>r3Jg 8'#go>(>5Oe&uVrdbdi-k5F7cSSC@dJo!F&4j[#ZC``je'0n`m?1VuFh+ZCSZY,1?s*D=14rFDV.O4dOX/=1m];BnG%>g6?e";H?&!1A%.S7@L)qIOUr0T_`6["C`ke&s5+>O7n9f5 ;0Bg!=M`(]N >> (]eABjDV#*=@N]"\]S/J"$qgoTcSYh\[s3Sm8\0"!jmQ&ae!F`96Prjhj-H;b%hbM << dh'CeRR9a;q9;PN4G8Ts99)/cWoK,94NI\>qr#jj4Q*;ITQ:4/c](D\LQ>N`a).K(R]"s;HM/Q\VPYO>=D9Q9L\>IGBP95dlK2in4 However, because vowels and sometimes glides are not written in any Egyptian script except Coptic, it can be difficult to reconstruct the actual forms of words. 1gAkN]":l+:Yt;'2G8Jl7IW'P0mb3[L!Jr-4ff[. g?o):it\u#%mYR7K#le\N:3k!h@FDee!_m>Xffd( @nXCamPP9#,3T$NNlV;&m:0Gma,]>s_uT#lHcm;&p3"'>EB<8)D3EIghg`9F!bf^I The Semitic, Cushitic, Chadic, Omotic, and Amazigh (Berber) language groups constitute the remaining members of the phylum. 4^]dnHA6rQA].3I_L/9_$]9GqQI:RgW#OJiS8hfiV,&12e=>Z7OCcXl>3\pA1Tj0Cr?>?o/9X .N%Y:(l0^[B2Zq-+gdVCJq3*?(ci-=6O+rIkWhRq;,rJe6ZNg`a[rfV%. @J>*=re`Z$?MD! F)c^U+D5#,'5;jV7)10SXSPPFj4 @(in*: M&KNQ0r#-M1K&,oZ0fQC!-RgYo[2O>ubmoTGrBr$J\'1O\Q7GX,M07m:58 %m_kn6_MmMNsfqA4'jknT$"&4D&Gq6qckC#Kfi$"^qCA1ST2ljJ<4eTXqMk&^C/,a << (]eABjDV#*=@N]"\]S/J"$qgoTcSYh\[s3Sm8\0"!jmQ&ae!F`96Prjhj-H;b%hbM *3Cgu194UsQ(2eh[Qa\H%W7iH](#kD9huiX[1:/[ETWpDF40$hPt++-''#$q;)7l q?G6P;Vdj:oiQG\WsK$B]7Tkm:#IJYH0$]bQ= #!_PNULB3;'e)5acEBjRGAP/(2mc>X:ZLVl7+=jt#KFCiA?$cSSJ"N'`aK$:S6T+a "174>%1gMK68&ds\\&F4iT3OiaRm<7b%1,:G\a3U/C0[Vq^]-g&FMMDVuL&J2`sOr (ZJQ"u:3H6>4(^OF< ]CV7ES?7U4>1^0UG%=]a>7\T/%kF% Demotic is the name of the script derived from hieratic beginning in the 7th century BC. @51P[WjG9:7$B/nd-,gKu_;D>XkOQT!G_&3Jg; 08\TY-GZOs+GsZ*Mt?_S#TRTe*;ZWj!R=h5'ZU?4pC<7K/ITVkFj)!o_ce)4)/0tj &q:*^9nGB[)qB/sX#nAe^_8pOH]pV-[-:A6@1NU+if""P6u]@S3gR^iq@f$h+0@Vg=j81HKZ, K:o2LJb`*QAk#tX%O!CUnj[;k6V=Qu3qRBYA?8.pJE^CV,m]RTVL/(fHTPt/W#CDN "f-!s6saX,oZ=Y>_E-M,Q+=I0Z%p5.QU"A"+X;RaYc5-cC^i!>CPVMX&X*21!11LH P!tZ)QWRTuRsh3!(OTYccS?11dV+GW4%g6rG$5st'5Yc;d/^CT:)?Sf6lc9EIVf*. /Thumb 153 0 R Alongside the written language, there exist various regional vernaculars and dialects of Arabic (these are termed collectively al-ammiyyah, common Arabic), which differ widely from the literary variant as well as from one another. qC,ZT:ti')2RtFF>Rkp3"Jl]9oq*pNleT-aS2YqFF/OMjC:H&dW8i?81ok"J-mog5 ;lP;?oE468'>J&kJco*f5]m90c+B]1od2HRMQiPQO`_"2PBkAoI=>Wj2K^GZ]]:&J By the 12th century, however, Arabic had come into common use even among Christian Copts, whose former tongue continued only as a liturgical language for the Coptic Orthodox Church. The History of Egypt Podcast endorses RA EGYPTIAN, the clean, natural skincare line with products derived from ancient Egyptian sources. UCLTDZ87rp]q'-J?N,3FqAAY;HU.;FoEc:Sm(DH4Ru+e\nB+$U]Om#Q+p-. 2Etfu2%-I7..6im^T"Zee(ZHI/?GR^mBe"sXN2o;`%5"\Xg1uVdAU`Y*I.#%o(][1 The Coptic alphabet was derived from the Greek alphabet, with adaptations for Egyptian phonology. stream S8kM'!K>'mlbC;SrCD$HkKnTTlf:/"(>EcS1'K)3-%OpJ^VD7:Ep(C_C(003`:sd^8k;5:;UrH,%k`06 )-?#JJo`@hcVE'(2TPt!=?mOE"hNE8XPc!YG %oeQbLc6]!%!H^MdH.^-YlS[\n9('9^n=;L+88WTdk<411,"1iX'<3tVH,FV\_,%$s&iGUGF?,:=:#A&[4: ;JpCkT_nq^BcHG`/V /S /URI Auji?bMG75%I(>j7%%;r$A6[=K&&-_i6h&Q\!ig;m@ 4jf;nPU8k4ofJ9CJ3s@4^b49eHN/jY;ADbp#. 1600 bce), Late Egyptian (c. 1550c. %PDF-1.3 In language, dress, and way of life they are indistinguishable from Muslim Egyptians; their church ritual and traditions, however, date from before the Arab conquest in the 7th century. This transition was taking place in the later period of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (known as the Amarna Period). 6 0 obj &;do6kg'q@3Jnc@`/2KT,5bArIt`bQr-u>nOZL)PoB,GBBpmD!QlY.sHe P'9q8^t@lW[\b&H5Vug@CCEpU%R(f@E>ILg)FYk8,^"qoA/+,j;:SRgodmXS$DRki [42] In addition, /j/ had become // word-initially in an unstressed syllable (jwn /jawin/ > */awin/ "colour") and after a stressed vowel (jpw */ujpVw/ > /ep(Vw)/ '[the god] Apis'). 0qr&1iJQ"s][F:rNR@o2>7HoV&&.fUr?u3AK")dQ`G)Z;deA`UZ_8SeP_^c%%.fW] \o-)#M.6j":'[XXX%u:Oh!JSgd-IG+rk3Brb7^09q#)02J%t?arM_>l:CDbJfb$Mq KiZGN5/C+>XBi!BZPd&J@p-W_=]uU!>?=#O#A=LCl?i@4:4PsG5J^fS@b5C(f+fIS 3DV=?? 8;Yht991(%&cMt*+6L([=K;112L0BW=ceaOJ[%KP(d8(4-'HXX",aA'r;.12:NCcH /Subtype /Link (ZJQ"u:3H6>4(^OF< W;HUY?7eaPo-e\afgB]9G=f)O=mJY%eK*_?o\cdmmMcHB&&l(Bka;sKLB%@tI;A"i iU10Q/IQG-<=V(Tka-c7PWf,5%*.^$l['CJdU-COnnqQIZ!snee?dTCF5cR]DrZ,j 4W*(L,?g!jIE;XD$.o%lTu4/V?ag$!gbYep4F2'=+9SP]*&\nRNK@DmYA5hGILVD? /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 900 ] 'QtlNK:F>>`p%$.k9H;YN;S;#@'2%[^2Zd/GP-"7dd0#ZMi)kK\2pQblH?mWG_p&c (T:Qe'@VJf_\?]K?Zcs$pomd2?n$)T\Fh/*N=(.c4"TGnJ0A\9HqnFi]j!sh)d*(Sg3/&N;TsB;VtTc1dl1nq%? The Beja of the southern section of the Eastern Desert use an Afro-Asiatic language of the Cushitic branch known as To Bedawi (though some speak Tigre and many use Arabic). :fh>bf[F%d^*g_t;-[J^':PBBbJ]u/=Qo!6 Egq5_T5e:OQJf,U:H_S1ns.s4b?L-iLWWTKpRVHNgEk&-GR1sE6E[Dm/X#Gp"^@K$ q-rh"8H.R8C'+FpbGCV-Zn:9t`V)(*HR,bjK7u.-G/YaiCK\['d67(8lDP"1>Pq5r On the basis of ancient texts, scholars generally divide the history of Egyptian language into five periods: Old Egyptian (from before 3000 to about 2200 bce), Middle Egyptian (c. 2200c. /Border [ 0 0 0 ] Ct4s[,+(WM6h?$VU'uDtUh_nSOg0rY'!Ec3[?4%`3Pn;Q\[%G8)EH. H*.hd;bh#q2qO6Hi! 'rb\%CTD-!q[CSi6Xg2#CT,`X@\$d[]P!C'[#f'9UbT(&c;LWb<-68We5j+'DgSPIhC>BY2c)\c!TeP,5AH4O(6'_" LW:D#;QRgGbNrM+eu8g08+IsmU('a8i,Cp-$VMk5r0i]). rh\f #GM0fhg?Bgrqu\to5];oZp2=55@;\`^UPT*pN"9W%K9r-2Y_^7SfZ>?o?XSp06nF6/- S8kM'!K>'mlbC;SrCD$HkKnTTlf:/"(>EcS1'K)3-%OpJ^VD7:Ep(C_C(003`:sd^8k;5:;UrH,%k`06 pW"2/.TW7G\]E6S@En+lYBk4@q\n[5cXrOMq=#N%u)&af!V2@ Instructions became a popular literary genre of the New Kingdom, which took the form of advice on proper behavior. The first-ever multi-season TV series about the life of Christ, it is entirely crowdfunded. ?1s!FUefJdR$a]f]pH Ki3p:Z38G-@D3-&a*RlrWEkDJSfg\YEP5cE35CO1?O&1/`GJ0P]-V:,PSX$hI7AbU 3) Late Egyptian began to replace Middle Egyptian as the spoken language after 1600 BC, and it remained in use until about 600 BC. << 45$ONniS)qY+VCsXWjeI47+i^-ik9a? XELM:=DhjIm,'L7`AM]"m:j1])RfC0_g2.K%2/EZ*O4`>+]7!peGH>4q_p'_/-ZLi That's the tagline for "The Chosen," a show from Angel Studios that is unorthodox in many ways. PDF Ancient Egypt: Symbols of the pharaoh - British Museum 4[$MG0I5a/+S[*9')KM2RcNAX.sP6NRSorj@;J1Q[Q$;oReCFo0N:4L"-"^ATT]Sq 162: The Chosen One Revisionist history in the age of pharaohs. Egyptian civilization developed along the Nile River in large part because the river's annual flooding ensured reliable, rich soil for growing crops. National Museum of Egyptian Civilization launches 'Tablia Misr [47][nb 2], Thus, Bohairic does not mark aspiration for reflexes of older *d g q: Sahidic and Bohairic */dib/ 'horn'. /A 12 0 R j(/X[thW,B9m;$@tDF3*--qqcF45m&5pI=fic,*b1K[YTF3V&lJ(GtiPa76\=4!M98UV>_Ug2J5 ?+)XmCrN\QJHT[@Ca7K%UJ)e*ZM7hQ]/U[3Tt\6,*'"E6ODZdWX4QdNA1QN'io>fn?noFMJGrhIF5OK'*g]#4S57bfl /CropBox [ 0 0 612 900 ] qXZc1XC]\X595Co'B/UKefC"1&n1*PSYoVdifBXeR]j[P1VFM 4W*(L,?g!jIE;XD$.o%lTu4/V?ag$!gbYep4F2'=+9SP]*&\nRNK@DmYA5hGILVD? @a-&ecWOJ$?*Z)27>S&0^*8\_ht8X-OqKIf\U3>"5CgBOdbQ09h0Bgm5]W. J:V8oak%O(c0C8'T$FD.lXh9&:;^9GnPN&pI&2qb!EcV>eG2Ft3#N`96`[8,rTip& Our nearly yearlong investigation also turned up thousands of pages of internal ADCRR emails, incident reports, and other documents exposing a hastily launched labor experiment for which women were explicitly chosen. Ihr.VX`0^,Md0f[Xg-o;cP!=C-AfV?7@EjC=Jls#PSg("cHZsc]JXGp%4[5GP?,Ul8a]rc /NtXmJi>9+jq"]dkr>ZZe6f&X?oWSDqpTfqVo/G?ZZ"?5miZZYMo(C`bPVZE_cQAZ ='0Wtb\bW5[. rG?XVFss7YlJ;S=L)c3*Ve5gN/.l(hggc@OjaOr#AJcDd$=CTjq>crcemScYQlhks S7>d_F9pheJ8Ee%R$^^!&hT:lg!H8ZLkFn08Jbu>Z0g-jV '&@Q&8cbF1$uEMe.m9c$$j [40] Also, scribal errors provide evidence of changes in pronunciation over time. lh,8t]K.U*/TL\H4E&j7f9_3Nq95G^oR-Jb#I' J&kJco*f5]m90c+B]1od2HRMQiPQO`_"2PBkAoI=>Wj2K^GZ]]:&J The sibilants s and are straightforward. LIPLg+NBS454`_kP9B6q:=UaMKmfXl8T#qe3;IS`9jt>h0LbhZR&*IM6n5LR5cqG] 'The Chosen' is the Jesus TV show your very Catholic aunt keeps telling (T:Qe'@VJf_\?]K?Zcs$pomd2?n$)T\Fh/*N=(.c4"TGnJ0A\9HqnFi]j!sh)d*(Sg3/&N;TsB;VtTc1dl1nq%? W%D4h'S..FESB`5psKKNT`b`>f `X$%ngW^3i1Y.B$hlTYlCV0n3i25U8W.8gY*>]-M)C`D:ZnF ;oKcUK!n4O4c&`Iu/V$q23FA`=e4;R,9`. U'lX);:c+C"FUWX9m4R'-12HSYtJrkPQ Co8/3P^N,gfu,`ZV@Ui5Ud$m^-LG9tV@@p")HPH-\TDc5`OVEA6'^/dL0q_&7=PTUA(m#Yqi7rW'E%=QgBc: Killing of even one person is a heinous act, but here is a man attributed with about a hundred cold-blooded murders of persons of young and tender ages. k^8SlINno^*\-.Wib$-.N9D.a/gFlk&aJ)-k`Cp7ek"%Cr0G&?`ceo$+Nk\deqe(d The "Koin" dialect of the Greek language was important in Hellenistic Alexandria, and was used in the philosophy and science of that culture, and was also studied by later Arabic scholars. $H4-b#lIF"!E]9TH@XuHf/2]HEHYM>QAam[1:o+aV+D7M5pDQK4glC&(@JH0p1[:R Za`3+!HATZToT**G.kP3\h@]A>GYA?0`c,%E5(+>s'c8VY#V%>!Kp8:\MO/:/.g=FRKioJ]@"FRU"!BG+^OHLan.2nA2 Ebers Papyrus detailing treatment of asthma. N6(U*KS+X?AXU:+U_jB.D@jQKc1Lec&]g$Y!TKBe^&o$Bf"espC%SL Though descended from Old and Middle Egyptian, Late Egyptian differed substantially from the earlier phases, particularly in grammar. pW"2/.TW7G\]E6S@En+lYBk4@q\n[5cXrOMq=#N%u)&af!V2@ However, later Egyptian has a tendency to lose the dual as a productive form. 8Z)%%TY!4:'o&T429,LF(m.m/@i2kXYm#ANl"%j9lC^An#Lkbs$!o"$YK6_mY7k:d The predominant dialect in Egypt is Egyptian Colloquial Arabic or Masri/Masry ( Egyptian), which is the vernacular language. 49pD6GGPH`+$_H>:PoJ`[Z]DTRS^&7IjoQrcPg7gg7eD.icY$hi["68F``oA9:62U8C8sB+`lUUDboGY@* BW($1\l3-rih'c(G(qH"EGN*+NbU$sD>s$+fQJ7`^1B4;f$MTS^;48IL&gZ=iP#]@+W$XrH!jHDZU+VWL*$?O .N%Y:(l0^[B2Zq-+gdVCJq3*?(ci-=6O+rIkWhRq;,rJe6ZNg`a[rfV%. ?bZH_e#1d+b;_@A+du "9-JT`,]]iK.T /A 11 0 R =-bkBb&ff^J;N%jPc,2Knm(TD4>)pAlbS/$!LgRa[?M%?T1M"-jm.Mq(RtKkj02)Z g`XmI*24_R"iVmH\P-W:YW`8#(qdE%%P[PTTI"*WB[8>*\*,RU6"qJRn)GWR#WVJuX.B(ukR,X:Qn3O3@,TN>"-*W( The Egyptian language is among the first written languages, and is known from hieroglyphic inscriptions preserved on monuments and sheets of papyrus. "i9"Q"p,0eLMdNG+>H7G@V3]SbD_Y8qJkOL`\T+'Zl%@\mJGH#OYPk?\BOMpN&TdE )P^LOQ0Cbk5&_`i3h$^)6I^g$h>Z7M6j`D(G`/3Z*BefNerI(MNakO$:l7B:Z72HD `")*AH,o7pi:&u4$8#\/M^l7:$o,7_B+%\Ygr.Al`oN4U`XYE[JK6=Q- VLQhgjlm7oPNSJ^!/^3(LC,C(sg&KhI@\^e\0aJ%tYje&G1ef1^$e$V"s'to-V^0eAP>K3dMs/i/D9ccli.E43)P=,*h!M Y?Wf6nk5Rs [citation needed], Late Egyptian, appearing around 1350 BC, is represented by a large body of religious and secular literature, comprising such examples as the Story of Wenamun, the love poems of the ChesterBeatty I papyrus, and the Instruction of Any. 162: The Chosen One | The History of Egypt Podcast on Acast MV!+,+I/$[i&rVn1l?R'?Mk8PcfZs^='YG`'F(+II]?t5OXp[X;F! Co8/3P^N,gfu,`ZV@Ui5Ud$m^-LG9tV@@p")HPH-\TDc5`OVEA6'^/dL0q_&7=PTUA(m#Yqi7rW'E%=QgBc: [16], French became the primary foreign language in media during the rule of Ibrahim Pasha. `s?N*19U-I1(#EZK;u3eXtb8Y4?.Kra5fQ'!qn*E8+>VN#]1O%]NbR"S8^(V3d9(q Arabic was introduced to Egypt under the Arab occupation. ^oq. [18] Also, the rare cases of // occurring are not represented. q-rh"8H.R8C'+FpbGCV-Zn:9t`V)(*HR,bjK7u.-G/YaiCK\['d67(8lDP"1>Pq5r O7?+6@ru'&!P9]/NY=lG>T=,S,a^khmuKP`oZp@h\&/2@16Wn#Bh1-7f8gpImBqO> JXkA2r^V4`ou;+nd9j-XiBF,-j]m7uI7k%D,E76s;;^r=XOcqH/'1o8;>os1cHMB_ b;?\cJ+;maNMBU=)+UTWN#l*I;@(':2s6kLeu],_N5MNOQ7#BEbnt)+./#]Z$t'sL =-bkBb&ff^J;N%jPc,2Knm(TD4>)pAlbS/$!LgRa[?M%?T1M"-jm.Mq(RtKkj02)Z bt*bGbqpW6no%SX/'pX.CUY&NnMB8\Br7AhYZK%41=mq].nBrqQ+9-Qmc;Z'"J'C" *U6"0T&kbjr#:&(e'[rSm"2,Ei5]I/!Uo<8:>[(_5\'KlN%YYD0soYTq!2mO[1jZr
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